Design, Validation, and Reliability of a Basketball Skill and Performance Test Instrument in Adolescent Players
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2023.5.03Keywords:
basketball, skill, performance, validation, reliabilityAbstract
Study purpose. The assessment tools or skills tests, such as the AAHPERD basketball skill test and the Johnson basketball test, are all partial or separate. All these tests are old products, while the game of basketball is constantly evolving. The purpose of this study was to design and validate basketball skills and performance tests for players aged 14–16 years to shorten the test time, shorten the waiting time for results, and be comprehensive so that they can reflect real abilities and can be used as a reference when carrying out selection and evaluation.
Materials and methods. A total of 7 experts assessed the 11 elements (86 items) of the basketball skill and performance test (BSPT). Three academic experts and four basketball coach experts took part in the study. Data was collected using the Delphi technique and test-retest, and data was analyzed using Aiken’s formula, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Cronbach’s alpha.
Results. With a value of 0.91, the expert assessment tool shows that the content validity of the aspect is good. Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure the reliability of every aspect of the basketball skill and performance test instrument, and the results were 0.918. The result of the ICC score agreement between raters is 0.912, while for one rater, the consistency is 0.596.
Conclusions. The implications of this study could prove that the BSPT can be used to assess the skill level of adolescent basketball players, benefiting not only basketball coaches but also physical education teachers.
Downloads
References
Stojanović, E., Stojiljković, N., Scanlan, A. T., Dalbo, V. J., Berkelmans, D. M., & Milanović, Z. (2018). The Activity Demands and Physiological Responses Encountered During Basketball Match-Play: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 48(1), 111-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0794-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0794-z
Bracco, E., Lodewyk, K., & Morrison, H. (2019). A case study of disengaged adolescent girls’ experiences with teaching games for understanding in physical education. Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education, 10(3), 207-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/25742981.2019.1632724 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/25742981.2019.1632724
Heemsoth, T., Boe, L., Bükers, F., & Krieger, C. (2022). Fostering pre-service teachers’ knowledge of ‘teaching games for understanding’ via video-based vs. Text-based teaching examples. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 27(1), 77-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1850668 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1850668
Levenberg, M., Armstrong, T., & Johnson, I. (2020). Teaching Dance for Understanding: Reconceptualizing Dance in Physical Education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 91(6), 3-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2020.1770519 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2020.1770519
Waffak, M. N., Sukoco, P., & Sugiyanto, F. X. (2022). Developing a basketball learning model using the teaching game for understanding ( tgfu ) approach to improve the effectiveness of hots in elementary schools. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 22(3s), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.3s.03 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.3s.03
Koryahin, V., & Blavt, O. (2019). Study of the Technical Training System of Young Athletes. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 19(2), 64-68. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2019.2.02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2019.2.02
Koryahin, V., & Hrebinka, H. (2023). Content and Structure of Competitive Activities of Young Basketball Players Aged 13-14. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 23(1), 143-147. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2023.1.20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2023.1.20
Hugo, V., Okazaki, A., Luiz, A., & Rodacki, F. (2018). Basketball jump shot performed by adults and children. Human Movement, 19(1), 71-79. https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2018.73615 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2018.73615
Makarov, Y. (2013). The concept of formation of game activity in sports games. Uchenye Zapiski Universiteta Im. P.F. Lesgaft, 7, 78–83. https://doi.org/10.5930/issn.1994-4683.2013.07.101.p78-83 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5930/issn.1994-4683.2013.07.101.p78-83
Ibáñez, S. J., Martinez-Fernández, S., Gonzalez-Espinosa, S., García-Rubio, J., & Feu, S. (2019). Designing and Validating a Basketball Learning and Performance Assessment Instrument (BALPAI). Frontiers in Psychology, 10(JULY), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01595 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01595
Koopmann, T., Faber, I., Baker, J., & Schorer, J. (2020). Assessing Technical Skills in Talented Youth Athletes: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 50(9), 1593-1611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01299-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01299-4
Al-Gendy, T. M. (2012). 11_Designing New Groups of Tests for Measuring the Technical Performance of the Basketball Players.pdf. Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 7(8), 673-682. https://doi.org/10.3923/tasr.2012.673.682 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/tasr.2012.673.682
López-Pastor, V. M., Kirk, D., Lorente-Catalán, E., MacPhail, A., & Macdonald, D. (2013). Alternative assessment in physical education: A review of international literature. Sport, Education and Society, 18(1), 57-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2012.713860 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2012.713860
Doroshenko, E., Sushko, R., Shamardin, V., Prykhodko, V., Shapovalova, I., Yelisieieva, D., Demidova, O., & Yakovenko, A. (2020). Analysis of the competitive activity structure Prydniprovska State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 20(4), 219-227. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2020.4.04 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2020.4.04
Križan, M., & Mikulič, M. (2018). Dependence of the Result on the Effectiveness of Performance in the World Women’s Handball Championship 2016. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 18(2), 63-68. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2018.2.02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2018.2.02
Hopkins, D. R. (2013). Factor analysis of selected basketball skill tests. Research Quarterly of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 48(3), 535-540. https://doi.org/10.1080/10671315.1977.10615459 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10671315.1977.10615459
Conte, D., Smith, M. R., Santolamazza, F., Favero, T. G., Tessitore, A., & Coutts, A. (2019). Reliability, usefulness and construct validity of the Combined Basketball Skill Test (CBST). Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(11), 1205-1211. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1551046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1551046
Skjong, R. (2001). Expert judgment and risk perception. Det Norske Verita, January 2001.
Ortega-Toro, E., García-Angulo, A., Giménez-Egido, J. M., García-Angulo, F. J., & Palao, J. M. (2019). Design, Validation, and Reliability of an Observation Instrument for Technical and Tactical Actions of the Offense Phase in Soccer. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 22. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022
Villarejo, D., Ortega, E., Gómez, M.-Á., & Palao, J.-M. (2014). Design, validation, and reliability of an observational instrument for ball possessions in rugby union. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 14(3), 955-967. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2014.11868771 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2014.11868771
Mardapi, D. (2017). Pengukuran, penilaian, dan evaluasi pendidikan 2nd ed (Second). Parama Publishing.
Oriondo, L., & Dallo-Antonio. (1998). Evaluating educational outcomes (test, Measurement, and evaluation), 5th (5th ed.). REX Printing Company, Inc.
Creswell, J. W. (2016). Reflections on the MMIRA The Future of Mixed Methods Task Force Report. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 10(3), 215–219. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689816650298 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689816650298
Harrison, R. L., Reilly, T. M., & Creswell, J. W. (2020). Methodological Rigor in Mixed Methods: An Application in Management Studies. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 14(4), 473-495. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689819900585 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689819900585
Terwee, C. B., Prinsen, C. A. C., Westerman, A. C. M. J., Alonso, D. L. P. J., & Bouter, L. M. (2018). COSMIN methodology for evaluating the content validity of patient- reported outcome measures : a Delphi study. Quality of Life Research, 27(5), 1159-1170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1829-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1829-0
Garrote, P. ., & del Carman Rojas, M. (2015). Garrote and del Carmen Rojas, 2015.pdf. Revista Nebrija de Linguistica Aplicada, 18, 1-16.
Guillot-Valdés, M., Guillén-Riquelme, A., & Buela-Casal, G. (2022). Content Validity through Expert Judgment for the Depression Clinical Evaluation Test. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 22(2), 100292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100292 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100292
Leyton-Román, M., Mesquita, S., & Jiménez-Castuera, R. (2021). Validation of the Spanish Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 21(2), 100228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100228 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100228
Wilpers, A., Bahtiyar, M. O., Wall, D., Kobler, K., Sadler, L. S., Dixon, J. K., & Kennedy, H. P. (2021). Modified Delphi Study on Nursing Practice and Science in Fetal Care. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 50(1), 55-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogn.2020.09.158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogn.2020.09.158
Hasson, F., Keeney, S., & Mc Kenna, H. (2000). Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(4), 1008-1015. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x
Yudhistira, D., & Tirtawirya, D. (2021). Development of Agility Test Construction : Validity and Reliability of Karate Agility Test Construction in Kata Category. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(4), 697-703. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090413 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090413
Aiken, L. R. (1985). Three coefficients for analyzing the reliability and validity of ratings. Educational and psychological measurement, 45(1), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164485451012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164485451012
Aiken, L. R. (1980). Content Validity and Reliability of Single Items or Questionnaires. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 40(4), 955-959. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316448004000419 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001316448004000419
Penfield, R. D., & Giacobbi, Jr., P. R. (2004). Applying a Score Confidence Interval to Aiken’s Item Content-Relevance Index. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 8(4), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327841mpee0804_3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327841mpee0804_3
Torres-Luque, G., Blanca-Torres, J. C., Giménez-Egido, J. M., Cabello-Manrique, D., & Ortega-Toro, E. (2020). Design, Validation, and Reliability of an Observational Instrument for Technical and Tactical Actions in Singles Badminton. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 582693. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.582693 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.582693
Rahayu, A., & Arovah, N. I. (2022). The Validity and Reliability of the Physical Activity Questionnaires (PAQ-A) among Indonesian Adolescents during Online and Blended Learning Schooling. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 22(2), 173-179. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.2.04 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.2.04
Sharma, B. (2016). Focus on reliability in developmental research through Cronbach’s Alpha among medical, dental, and paramedical professionals. Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences, 3(4), 271-278. https://doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2016.3.4.43 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2016.3.4.43
Schreiber, J. B., Nora, A., Stage, F. K., Barlow, E. A., & King, J. (2006). Reporting Structural Equation Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Results: A Review. The Journal of Educational Research, 99(6), 323-338. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.99.6.323-338 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.99.6.323-338
Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 15(2), 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012
Olaya-Cuartero, J., Villalon-Gasch, L., & Penichet-Tomás, A. (2022). Original Article Validity and Reliability of the VmaxPro IMU for back squat exercise in multipower machine. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 22(11), 2920-2926. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2022.11369 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2022.11369
Heale, R., & Twycross, A. (2015). Validity and reliability in quantitative studies. Evidence Based Nursing, 18(3), 66-67. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2015-102129 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2015-102129
Portney, L. G., & Watkins, M. P. (2009). Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice.
Hopkins, W. G. (2000). Measures of Reliability in Sports Medicine and Science. Sports Med, 30(1), 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200030010-00001
Lockie, R. G., Schultz, A. B., Callaghan, S. J., Jeffriess, M. D., & Simon, P. (2013). Reliability and Validity of a New Test of Change-of-Direction Speed for Field- Based Sports: the Change-of-Direction and Acceleration Test ( CODAT ). Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, December 2012, 88-96.
Radman, I., Ruzic, L., Padovan, V., Cigrovski, V., & Podnar, H. (2016). Reliability and validity of the inline skating skill test. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 15(3), 390-396.
Ali, A. (2011). Measuring soccer skill performance: A review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 21(2), 170-183. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01256.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01256.x
Wen, D., Robertson, S., Hu, G., Song, B., & Chen, H. (2018). Measurement properties and feasibility of the Loughborough soccer passing test: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(15), 1682-1694. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1409611 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1409611
Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53-55. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd DOI: https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Muhammad Irvan Eva Salafi, Wawan Sundawan Suherman, Bernadeta Suhartini, Muhammad Sigit Antoni, Kukuh Wahyudin Pratama, Risti Nurfadhila, Wisnu Nugroho, Yulvia Miftachurohmah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
