Зв’язок між фізичними здібностями й основними руховими навичками дітей дошкільного віку
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.4.15Ключові слова:
розвиток великої моторики, діти, спритність, сила, рівновагаАнотація
Метою цього дослідження було визначити взаємозв’язок між фізичними здібностями та основними руховими навичками дітей дошкільного віку. Метою також було визначити відмінності спостережуваних змінних у зв’язку зі статтю.
Матеріали та методи. Учасниками тестування успішно стали 52 дитини дошкільного віку: 30 хлопчиків і 22 дівчинки. Використовували п’ять тестів на фізичні здібності (модифікований тест на спритність «T» (MAT), тест на стрибки в довжину, тест на збереження рівноваги в положенні стоячи, тест на присід і тест на підйом тулуба в сід із положення лежачи), а основні рухові навички оцінювали за допомогою Тесту розвитку великої моторики, 3-тє видання (TGMD-3). Для визначення впливу статі на результати фізичних здібностей та основних рухових навичок використовували однофакторний дисперсійний аналіз. Для визначення зв’язку між фізичними здібностями та основними руховими навичками використовували коефіцієнт кореляції Пірсона.
Результати цієї роботи показали в більшості випадків помірну та значущу кореляцію основних рухових навичок і параметрів фізичних здібностей як у загальній вибірці, так й індивідуально у хлопчиків і дівчинок (p≤0,05). Майже в усіх змінних фізичних здібностей і фундаментальних рухових навичок відзначена значуща різниця на користь хлопчиків (p≤0,05 та p≤0,01), за винятком тесту на збереження рівноваги в положенні стоячи, який показав, що значних відмінностей між статями немає (p > 0,05).
Висновки. Таким чином, можна дійти висновку, що одержана інформація може привести вчителів фізичного виховання до кращого розуміння зв’язків між змінними рухового статусу, що надалі дозволить їм ефективно працювати з дітьми, які завдяки правильному фізичному розвитку та вихованню стануть і залишаться фізично активними протягом усього життя.
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Figueroa, R., & An, R. (2017). Motor Skill Competence and Physical Activity in Preschoolers: A Review. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 21, 136-146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-016-2102-1
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Cech, D.J., & Martin, S. (2012). Functional Movement Development: across the lifespan (3rd edition). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Saunders.
Riethmuller, A.M., Jones, R.A., & Okely, A.D. (2009). Efficacy of interventions to improve motor development in young children: A systematic review. Pediatrics, 124(4), e782-e792. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0333
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Zipp, G.P., & Gentile, A.M. (2010). Practice Schedule And The Learning Of Motor Skills In Children And Adults: Teaching Implications. Journal of College Teaching and Learning, 7(2), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v7i2.87
Brown, C.G. (2010). Improving fine motor skills in young children: an intervention study. Educational Psychology in Practice, 26(3), 269-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/02667363.2010.495213
Palmer, K.K., Harkavy, D., Rock, S.M., & Robinson, L.E. (2020). Boys and Girls Have Similar Gains in Fundamental Motor Skills Across a Preschool Motor Skill Intervention. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 8(3), 569-579. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2019-0043
Iivonen, K.S., & Sääkslahti, A.K. (2014). Preschool children’s fundamental motor skills: a review of significant determinants. Early Child Development and Care, 184(7), 1107-1126. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2013.837897
Van der Fels, I.M.J., te Wierike, S.C.M., Hartman, E., Elferink-Gemser, T.E., Smith, J., & Visscher, C. (2015). The relationship between motor skills and cognitive skills in 4–16 year old typically developing children: A systematic review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(6), 697-703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.09.007
Gandotra, A., Csaba, S., Sattar, Y., Cserényi, V., Bizonics, R., Cserjesi, R., & Kotyuk, E. (2022). A Meta-analysis of the Relationship between Motor Skills and Executive Functions in Typically-developing Children. Journal of Cognition and Development, 23(1), 83-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2021.1979554
Haapala, E.A. (2013). Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Motor Skills in Relation to Cognition and Academic Performance in Children – A Review. Journal of Human Kinetics, 36(1), 55-68. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0006
Pecuch, A., Gieysztor, E., Wolanska, E., Telenga, M., & Paprocka-Borowicz, M. (2021). Primitive Reflex Activity in Relation to Motor Skills in Healthy Preschool Children. Brain Sciences, 11(8), 967. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11080967
Faber, I., Zamoscinska, M., Teunissen, J.W., & Pion, J. (2020). The relationship between sport-specific training and a perceptuo-motor skills assessment as part of talent identification in young table tennis players (8-10 years). International journal of Racket Sports Science, 2(1), 42-54. https://doi.org/10.30827/Digibug.63720
Iivonen, K.S., Sääkslahti, A.K., Mehtälä, A., Villberg, J.J., Tammelin, T.H., Kulmala, J.S., & Poskiparta, M. (2013). Relationship between Fundamental Motor Skills and Physical Activity in 4-Year-Old Preschool Children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 117(2), 627-646. https://doi.org/10.2466/10.06.PMS.117x22z7
Hands, B. (2008). Changes in motor skill and fitness measures among children with high and low motor competence: A five-year longitudinal study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 11(2), 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2007.02.012
Mostafavi, R., Ziaee, V., Akbari, H., & Haji-Hosseini, S. (2013). The Effects of SPARK Physical Education Program on Fundamental Motor Skills in 4-6 Year-Old Children. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 23(2), 216-219. 23724186
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2022-12-23
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Milenković, D. (2022). Зв’язок між фізичними здібностями й основними руховими навичками дітей дошкільного віку. Теорія та методика фізичного виховання, 22(4), 561–568. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.4.15
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