The Influence of Physical Education Over A Semester on the Psycho-Physical Development in Elementary School Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.1.11Keywords:
physical fitness, quality of life, children, basketball, footballAbstract
Study purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the physical education program over a semester on physical fitness, sport-specific skills (football and basketball) and the quality of life in elementary school students (7th and 8th grade).
Materials and methods. 128 students (64 boys and 64 girls) from three elementary schools, aged 13‒14, participated in the study. A battery of five diagnostic tests was used to assess physical fitness: Modified Agility “T” test, Illinois Agility Run Test, 10x5 Shuttle Run Test, Standing Balance Test and 2-Minute Step in Place Test. Training polygons with elements of sports were used to assess football and basketball skills. Determining the level of quality of life was carried out with a pediatric quality of life questionnaire (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM – PedsQL).
Results. The study found statistically significant improvements in the results of most physical fitness tests in all team sports on training polygons, as well as in the level of quality of life for both boys and girls in both grades.
Conclusion. It can be concluded that the physical education program was well organized and implemented and thus had a positive effect on improving the psycho-physical status of students.
Downloads
References
Deng, A., Zhang, T., & Chen, A. (2021). Challenges in learning aerobic and anaerobic concepts: an interpretative understanding from the cognitive load theory perspective. Physical education and sport pedagogy, 26(6), 633–648. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1849595 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1849595
Milenković, D. (2021). Fizičko vaspitanje i sport (Physical education and sport). Belgrade: Faculty of sport, University Union – Nikola Tesla.
Faigenbaum, A.D., Bush, J.A., McLoone, R.P., Kreckel, M.C., Farrell, A., Ratamess, N.A., & Kang, J. (2015). Benefits of strength and skillbased training during primary school physical education. Journal of Strength and Conditionig Research, 29(5), 1255–1262. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000000812 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000812
Habyarimana, J. D. D., Tugirumukiza, E., & Zhou, K. (2022). Physical education and sports: A backbone of the entire community in the twenty-first century. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 7296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127296 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127296
Wintle, J. (2022). Physical education and physical activity promotion: lifestyle sports as meaningful experiences. Education Sciences, 12(3), 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12030181 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12030181
Hills, A.P., Andersen, L.B., & Byrne, N.M. (2011). Physical activity and obesity in children. British journal of sports medicine, 45(11), 866–870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090199 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090199
Aguilar-Cordero, M. J., Rodríguez-Blanque, R., Leon-Ríos, X., Expósito Ruiz, M., García García, I., & Sánchez-López, A. M. (2020). Influence of physical activity on blood pressure in children with overweight/obesity: a randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Hypertension, 33(2), 131–136. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpz174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpz174
Bermejo-Cantarero, A., Álvarez-Bueno, C., Martínez-Vizcaino, V., Redondo-Tébar, A., Pozuelo-Carrascosa, D.P., & Sánchez-López, M. (2021). Relationship between both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Health and quality of life outcomes, 19(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01766-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01766-0
Milenković, D., Karalejić, S., Savić, Z., & Milenković, V. (2013). Development of explosive strength indicated by jumping performance at high school students. Sport and Health, 8(1), 60‒66. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366178030
Milenković, D., Branković, N., Petković, M., Kostić, M. & Stanković, D. (2008). The connection between motor skills and situational‒motor skills in soccer among elementary school children. Physical Culture, 36(1), 115‒121. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366635269
Kokstejn, J., Musalek, M., Wolanski, P., Murawska-Cialowicz, E., & Stastny, P. (2019). Fundamental motor skills mediate the relationship between physical fitness and soccer-specific motor skills in young soccer players. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 596. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00596 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00596
Milenković, D. (2022). Povezanost fizičkih sposobnosti učenika osmog razreda osnovne škole sa sportsko-specifičnim veštinama u nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja. (The Relationship between the Physical Abilities of Eighth-Grade Students and Sport-Specific Skills in Physical Education). Nastava i vaspitanje (Studies in Teaching and Education), 71(1), 125‒137. https://doi.org/10.5937/nasvas2201125m DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/nasvas2201125M
Alesi, M., Bianco, A., Padulo, J., Luppina, G., Petrucci, M., Paoli, A., Palma, A., & Pepi, A. (2015). Motor and cognitive growth following a Football Training Program. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 1627. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01627 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01627
Milenković, D., Pelemiš, M., & Branković, N. (2011). Efekti dodatne nastave fizičkog vaspitanja iz fudbala na razvoj situaciono-motoričkih sposobnosti učenika osnovnih škola (Effects of Additional Physical Education Classes of Football on the Development of Situational-Motor Abilities of Elementary School Students). Sport i zdravlјe (Sport and Health), 6(1), 21‒27. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366178033
Stanković, M., Lazić, A., Milenković, D., Nurkić, F., & Kocić, M., (2022). Motoric Abilities of Basketball Players According to Different Ranks of Competition and Playing Positions. Sport Моnt, 20(2), 11‒16. https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.220602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.220602
Kocić, M. (2008). Uticaj programiranog trenažnog procesa na razvoj motoričkih i situaciono-motoričkih sposobnosti mladih košarkaša (The influence of the programmed training process on the development of motor and situational-motor abilities of young basketball players). Doctoral dissertation. Niš: Faculty of sport and physical education.
Ademović, I. (2015). Brzinsko-eksplozivna svojstva vrhunskih košarkaša (The Speed-Explosive Properties of Top Basketball Players).Doctoral dissertation. Niš: Faculty of sport and physical education.
Cao, S., Geok, S.K., Roslan, S., Sun, H., Lam, S.K., & Qian, S. (2022). Mental fatigue and basketball performance: a systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 819081. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.819081 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.819081
Kim, Y.W., Han, J., Jang, K., Ko, M., Park, J., Lim, S., & Lee, J.Y. (2022). The connection to the public’s preferred sports analysis and physical education curriculum. Plos one, 17(3), e0264032. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264032
Janssen, I., & LeBlanc, A.G. (2010). Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 7(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-40 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-40
Tremblay, M.S., LeBlanc, A.G., Kho, M.E., Saunders, T.J., Larouche, R., Colley, R.C., Goldfiield, G., & Gorber, S.C. (2011). Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 8(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-98 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-98
Wu, X. Y., Han, L. H., Zhang, J. H., Luo, S., Hu, J. W., & Sun, K. (2017). The influence of physical activity, sedentary behavior on health-related quality of life among the general population of children and adolescents: A systematic review. PloS one, 12(11), e0187668. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187668 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187668
Wunsch, K., Nigg, C., Niessner, C., Schmidt, S. C., Oriwol, D., Hanssen-Doose, A., Burchartz, A., Eichsteller, A., Kolb, S., Woth, A., & Woll, A. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on the interrelation of physical activity, screen time and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents in Germany: results of the Motorik-Modul Study. Children, 8(2), 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8020098 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/children8020098
Marker, A.M., Steele, R.G., & Noser, A.E. (2018). Physical activity and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 37(10), 893–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000653 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000653
Bailey, R. (2018). Sport, physical education and educational worth. Educational Review, 70(1), 51‒66. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2018.1403208 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2018.1403208
Wood, R.J. (2008) Fitness Test list, [Online], Available: https://www.topendsports.com/testing/tests/index.htm [25 Sep 2023]
Sassi, R.H., Dardouri, W., Yahmed, M.H., Gmada, N., Mahfoudhi, M.E. & Gharbi, Z. (2009). Relative and absolute reliability of a modified agility t-test and its relationship with vertical jump and straight sprint. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(6), 1644–1651. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b425d2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b425d2
Hachana, Y., Chaabène, H., Ben Rajeb, G., Khlifa, R., Aouadi, R., Chamari, K. & Gabbett, T.J. (2014). Validity and Reliability of New Agility Test among Elite and Subelite under 14-Soccer Players. PLOS One, 9(4), e95773. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095773 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095773
Boddington, M.K., Lambert, M.I., St Clair Gibson, A. & Noakes, T.D. (2001). Reliability of a 5-m multiple shuttle test. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(3), 223–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404101750095394 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/026404101750095394
Geldhof, E., Cardon, G., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Danneels, L., Coorevits, P., Vanderstraeten, G., & De Clercq, D. (2006). Static and dynamic standing balance: test-retest reliability and reference values in 9 to 10 year old children. European journal of pediatrics, 165, 779–786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-006-0173-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-006-0173-5
Haas, F., Sweeney, G., Pierre, A., Plusch, T. & Whiteson J. (2017). Validation of a 2 Minute Step Test for Assessing Functional Improvement. Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 5(2), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojtr.2017.52007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojtr.2017.52007
Varni, J.W., Seid, M., & Rode, C.A. (1999). The PedsQL™: measurement model for the pediatric quality of life inventory. Medical Care, 37(2), 126–139 https://www.jstor.org/stable/3767218 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199902000-00003
Stevanović, D., Lakić, A., & Damnjanović, M. (2011). Some psychometric properties of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Version 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL™) in the general Serbian population. Quality of Life Research, 20, 945–949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-010-9833-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-010-9833-z
Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije – Prosvetni glasnik (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia – Educational Gazzette) (2019a), no. 5.
Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije – Prosvetni glasnik (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia – Educational Gazzette) (2019b), no. 11.
Bailey, R. (2006). Physical education and sport in schools: A review of benefits and outcomes. Journal of school health, 76(8), 397–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00132.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00132.x
Kriemler, S., Zahner, L., Schindler, C., Meyer, U., Hartmann, T., Hebestreit, H., Brunner-La Rocca, H.P., van Mechelen, W., & Puder, J.J. (2010). Effect of school based physical activity programme (KISS) on fitness and adiposity in primary schoolchildren: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 340, c785. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c785 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c785
Meyer, U., Schindler, C., Zahner, L., Ernst, D., Hebestreit, H., van Mechelen, W., Brunner-La Rocca, H.P., Probst-Hensch, N., Puder, J.J., & Kriemler, S. (2014). Long-term effect of a school-based physical activity program (KISS) on fitness and adiposity in children: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. PloS one, 9(2), e87929. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087929 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087929
Young, D.R., Phillips, J.A., Yu, T., & Haythornthwaite, J.A. (2006). Effects of a life skills intervention for increasing physical activity in adolescent girls. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 160(12), 1255–1261. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.160.12.1255 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.160.12.1255
Neil-Sztramko, S.E., Caldwell, H., & Dobbins, M. (2021). School‐based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (9). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007651.pub3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007651.pub3
Lee, E.J., So, W.Y., Youn, H.S., & Kim, J. (2021). Effects of school-based physical activity programs on health-related physical fitness of korean adolescents: A preliminary study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 2976. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062976 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062976
Larsen, M.N., Elbe, A.M., Madsen, M., Madsen, E.E., Ørntoft, C., Ryom, K., Dvorak, J., & Krustrup, P. (2021). An 11-week school-based ‘health education through football programme’improves health knowledge related to hygiene, nutrition, physical activity and well-being—and it’s fun! A scaled-up, cluster-RCT with over 3000 Danish school children aged 10–12 years old. British journal of sports medicine, 55(16), 906–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103097 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103097
Larsen, M.N., Terracciano, A., Møller, T.K., Aggestrup, C.S., Buono, P., Krustrup, P., & Castagna, C. (2023). An 11-week school-based “health education through football” programme improves musculoskeletal variables in 10–12-yr-old Danish school children. Bone Reports, 18, 101681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101681 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101681
Nur, L., & Malik, A.A. (2021). Basketball Skill Achievements: Comparison between Technical Approach and Tactical Approach based on Physical Fitness Level. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Olahraga, 6(1), 51–58. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/penjas/article/view/6-1-07 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jpjo.v6i1.31610
Elsayed, T.A. (2014). Eight weeks of basketball practice can significantly alter body composition and motor proficiency in primary school children who are overweight. Journal of American Science, 10(6), 212–220. http://www.jofamericanscience.org
Larsen, M.N., Nielsen, C.M., Helge, E.W., Madsen, M., Manniche, V., Hansen, L., Hansen, P.R., Bangsbo, J., & Krustrup, P. (2018). Positive effects on bone mineralisation and muscular fitness after 10 months of intense school-based physical training for children aged 8–10 years: the FIT FIRST randomised controlled trial. British journal of sports medicine, 52(4), 254–260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096219 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096219
Kvalø, S.E., & Natlandsmyr, I.K. (2021). The effect of physical-activity intervention on children’s health-related quality of life. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 49(5), 539–545. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494820971493 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494820971493
Andermo, S., Hallgren, M., Nguyen, T.T.D., Jonsson, S., Petersen, S., Friberg, M., Romqvist, A., Stubbs, B., & Elinder, L.S. (2020). School-related physical activity interventions and mental health among children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports medicine-open, 6(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-020-00254-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-020-00254-x
Zeng, H.Z., Hipscher, M., & Leung, R.W. (2011). Attitudes of high school students toward physical education and their sport activity preferences. Journal of Social Sciences, 7(4), 529–537. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Howard-Zeng/publication/280294210 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2011.529.537
Hartmann, T., Zahner, L., Pühse, U., Puder, J.J., & Kriemler, S. (2010). Effects of a school-based physical activity program on physical and psychosocial quality of life in elementary school children: a cluster-randomized trial. Pediatric Exercise Science, 22(4), 511–522. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.22.4.511 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.22.4.511
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Dejan Milenković, Jasmina Radonjić, Nataša Nikić, Ivana Zubić
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
