Relation Between Physical Abilities and Fundamental Motor Skills in Preschoolers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.4.15Keywords:
gross motor development, children, agility, strength, balanceAbstract
The aim of this study was to determine the interconnection between physical abilities and fundamental motor skills in preschool children. The aim was also to determine the differences in the observed variables in relation to gender.
Materials and methods. The testing successfully included 52 preschool children, 30 boys and 22 girls. Five tests of physical ability (modified agility "T" (MAT) test, broad jump test, standing balance test, squat test and sit up test) were used, and fundamental motor skills were assessed with the Test of Gross Motor Development, 3rd edition (TGMD-3). One-way ANOVA was used to determine the effects of gender on results in physical abilities and fundamental motor skills. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to determine the relation between physical abilities and fundamental motor skills.
The results of this work indicated, in most cases, a moderate and significant correlation of fundamental motor skills and parameters of physical abilities both in the total sample and also individually in boys and girls (p≤0.05). A significant difference in almost all variables of physical abilities and fundamental motor skills was noted in favor of boys (p≤0.05 and p≤0.01), except for the Standing balance test which indicated that there were not considerable differences between the sexes (p > 0.05).
Conclusions. So it can be concluded that the information obtained can lead physical education educators to better understanding of the relations between motor status variables, which further enables them to work effectively with children who will, by virtue of a proper physical development and education, become and remain physically active throughout their life.
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References
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Williams, H. (1983). Perceptual and motor development in young children. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Figueroa, R., & An, R. (2017). Motor Skill Competence and Physical Activity in Preschoolers: A Review. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 21, 136-146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-016-2102-1
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Brown, C.G. (2010). Improving fine motor skills in young children: an intervention study. Educational Psychology in Practice, 26(3), 269-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/02667363.2010.495213
Palmer, K.K., Harkavy, D., Rock, S.M., & Robinson, L.E. (2020). Boys and Girls Have Similar Gains in Fundamental Motor Skills Across a Preschool Motor Skill Intervention. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 8(3), 569-579. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2019-0043
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Gandotra, A., Csaba, S., Sattar, Y., Cserényi, V., Bizonics, R., Cserjesi, R., & Kotyuk, E. (2022). A Meta-analysis of the Relationship between Motor Skills and Executive Functions in Typically-developing Children. Journal of Cognition and Development, 23(1), 83-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2021.1979554
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Pecuch, A., Gieysztor, E., Wolanska, E., Telenga, M., & Paprocka-Borowicz, M. (2021). Primitive Reflex Activity in Relation to Motor Skills in Healthy Preschool Children. Brain Sciences, 11(8), 967. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11080967
Faber, I., Zamoscinska, M., Teunissen, J.W., & Pion, J. (2020). The relationship between sport-specific training and a perceptuo-motor skills assessment as part of talent identification in young table tennis players (8-10 years). International journal of Racket Sports Science, 2(1), 42-54. https://doi.org/10.30827/Digibug.63720
Iivonen, K.S., Sääkslahti, A.K., Mehtälä, A., Villberg, J.J., Tammelin, T.H., Kulmala, J.S., & Poskiparta, M. (2013). Relationship between Fundamental Motor Skills and Physical Activity in 4-Year-Old Preschool Children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 117(2), 627-646. https://doi.org/10.2466/10.06.PMS.117x22z7
Hands, B. (2008). Changes in motor skill and fitness measures among children with high and low motor competence: A five-year longitudinal study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 11(2), 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2007.02.012
Mostafavi, R., Ziaee, V., Akbari, H., & Haji-Hosseini, S. (2013). The Effects of SPARK Physical Education Program on Fundamental Motor Skills in 4-6 Year-Old Children. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 23(2), 216-219. 23724186
Lorås, H. (2020). The Effects of Physical Education on Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports, 8(6), 88. https://doi.org/10.2466/10.3390/sports8060088
Ulrich, D.A., & Sanford, C.B. (1985). Test of gross motor development. Austin, TX, USA: Pro-Ed.
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Ulrich, D.A. (2016). Test of gross motor development (3rd edition). Austin, TX, USA: Pro-Ed. https://sites.google.com/view/tgmd-3/home.
Maeng, H.J., Webster, E.K., & Ulrich, D.A. (2016). Reliability for the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition (TGMD-3). Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 87(S2), A38. https://www.proquest.com/openview/e1e94139646d16424771c0d1ab36f697/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=40785.
Rintala, P.O., Sääkslahti, A.K., & Iivonen, K.S. (2017). Reliability Assessment of Scores from Video-Recorded TGMD-3 Performances. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 5(1), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0007
Mohammadi, F., Bahram, A., Khalaji, H., & Ghadiri, F. (2017).The Validity and Reliability of Test of Gross Motor Development – 3rd Edition among 3-10 Years Old Children in Ahvaz. Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal, 16(4), 379-391. https://doi.org/10.22118/JSMJ.2017.51022
Allen, K. A., Bredero, B., Van Damme, T., Ulrich, D.A., & Simons, J. (2017). Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) with the Use of Visual Supports for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Validity and Reliability. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(3), 813-833. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-3005-0
Palmer, K.K., Chinn, K.M., Scott-Andrews, K.Q., & Robinson, L.E. (2021). An Intervention-Related Comparison of Preschoolers’ Scores on the TGMD-2 and TGMD-3. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 128(4), 1354-1372. https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125211013217
World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (2013). Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects, 64th WMA General Assembly, Fortaleza, Brazil, October 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2020 from the World Wide Web: http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/index.html.
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2022-12-23
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Milenković, D. (2022). Relation Between Physical Abilities and Fundamental Motor Skills in Preschoolers. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 22(4), 561–568. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.4.15
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