The Seventh and Eighth Grade Primary School Students’ Physical Fitness and Results on the Gymnastics Polygon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2023.4.15Keywords:
physical development, artistic gymnastics, physical education, male and female studentsAbstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the connection between physical fitness and the results on the gymnastics polygon in the seventh and eighth grade elementary school students. Additionally, it was necessary to determine the differences in the observed variables in relation to the grade, separately for each gender.
Materials and methods. A total of 128 students from three elementary schools (64 male and 64 female students), 13 and 14 years old, participated in the testing. Five physical fitness tests were used (modified agility "T" test (MAT), Illinois agility run test, 10x5 shuttle run test, standing balance test and 2-minute step in place test), and a specially designed gymnastics polygon was used to assess the level of adoption of technical elements from artistic gymnastics.
Results. A statistically significant correlation was recorded between all observed parameters with different levels, from moderate to strong correlations, both in relation to the grade, as well as in relation to the gender of the students. It was also determined that in boys, there are differences in only one test (MAT) in favor of the eighth graders, while in girls, there was a difference in three tests (MAT; 10x5 shuttle test; 2-minute step in place test) in favor of the eighth graders.
Conclusions. So it can be concluded that there is a strong mutual connection between physical fitness and sports-specific skills, which are presented in this paper by means of the technical elements of artistic gymnastics.
Downloads
References
Prontenko, K.V., Griban, G.P., Bloshchynskyi, I.G., Melnychuk, I.M., Popovych, D.V., Nazaruk, V.L., Yastremska, S.O., Dzenzeliuk, D.O., & Novitska, I.V. (2020). Improvement of students’ morpho-functional development and health in the process of sport-oriented physical education. Wiadomości Lekarskie, 73(1), 161-168. https://doi.org/10.36740/wlek202001131 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36740/WLek202001131
Ward, J.K., Hastie, P.A., Wadsworth, D.D., Foote, S., Brock, S.J., & Hollett, N. (2017). A Sport Education Fitness Season’s Impact on Students’ Fitness Levels, Knowledge, and In-Class Physical Activity. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 88(3), 346-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2017.1321100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2017.1321100
Milenković, D. (2022). Povezanost fizičkih sposobnosti učenika osmog razreda osnovne školesa sportsko-specifičnim veštinama u nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja (The Relationship between the Physical Abilities of Eighth-Grade Students and Sport-Specific Skills in Physical Education). Nastava i vaspitanje (Studies in Teaching and Education), 71(1), 125‒137. https://doi.org/10.5937/nasvas2201125m DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/nasvas2201125M
Hastie, P.A., Martinez de Ojeda, D., & Calderon, A.C. (2011). A review of research on sport education: 2004 to the present. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 16(2), 103-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2010.535202 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2010.535202
Wallhead, T., &O’Sullivan, M. (2005). Sport Education: physical education for the new millennium? Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 10(2), 181-210. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980500105098 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980500105098
Milenković, D. (2021). Fizičko vaspitanje i sport (Physical education and sport). Belgrade: Faculty of sport, University Union – Nikola Tesla.
Kolimechkov, S., Petrov, L., & Alexandrova, A. (2021). Artistic gymnastics improves biomarkers related to physical fitness and health at primary school age. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 10(1), 115-128. http://www.ijaep.com/index.php/IJAE/article/view/1177
Boraczyński, T., Boraczyński, M., Boraczyńska, S., & Michels, A. (2013). Changes in body composition and physical fitness of 7-year-old girls after completing a 12-month artistic gymnastics training program. Human movement, 14(4), 291-298. https://doi.org/10.2478/humo-2013-0034 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/humo-2013-0034
Pajek, M.B., Čuk, I., Kovač, M., & Jakše, B. (2010). Implementation of the gymnastics curriculum in the third cycle of basic school in Slovenia. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 2(3), 15-27.
Pajek, M.B., Čuk, I., Kovač, M., & Jakše, B. (2010). Implementation of the gymnastics curriculum in the third cycle of basic school in Slovenia. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 2(3), 15-27.
Werner, P.H., Williams, L.H., & Hall, T.J. (2012). Teaching children gymnastics. Champagne IL: Human Kinetics. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781718208988
Mauldon, E. (2014). Teaching gymnastics. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315846514
Rašidagić, F., Manić, G., & Mahmutović, I. (2016). Metodika nastave tjelesnog odgoja i sporta (Methodics of physical education and sport). Sarajevo: University in Sarajevo, Faculty of sport and physical education.
Marinković, D., Pavlović, S., Korovljev, D., Dimitrić, G., & Bogdanovski, M. (2016). Sport polygon – does it improve fundamental motor skills in children? In D. Madić (ed), 4th International scientific conference: “Exercise and Quality of Life” (p 58). Novi Sad: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education.
Bekić, A., Alić, B., Atiković, A., & Emić, Z. (2017). Effects of polygon training on aerobic capacity VO2max in male children. Sport Scientific and Practical Aspects, 14(1), 37-43. http://sportspa.ftos.untz.ba/images/dec2017/Article-06-dec-2017.pdf
Milenković, D., & Stanojević, I. (2013). The influence of motor abilities on results of sport games polygon at physical education classes. Acta Kinesiologica, 7(1), 50-54. http://actakinesiologica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/acta_30_10_grey.pdf#page=50
Pavlović, S.Lj., Marinković, D.B.,& Marković, J.M. (2018). Efikasnost primene poligona kao organizacionog oblika rada u nastavi fizičkog vaspitanja (The Effectiveness of Using Polygon as an Organizational Form of Instruction in Physical Education). Nastava i vaspitanje (Studies in Teaching and Education), 67(1), 163-174. https://doi.org/10.5937/nasvas1801163p DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/nasvas1801163P
Popa, D-A., Contiu, L-M., &Bădău, D. (2019). Study on locomotor skills development with practical polygon in children aged 11 to 12. Health, Sports & Rehabilitation Medicine, 20(2), 75–78. https://doi.org/10.26659/pm3.2019.20.2.75 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26659/pm3.2019.20.2.75
Wood, R.J. (2008) Fitness Test list, [Online], Available: https://www.topendsports.com/testing/tests/index.htm [21 Dec 2022].
Sassi, R.H., Dardouri, W., Yahmed, M.H., Gmada, N., Mahfoudhi, M.E., & Gharbi, Z. (2009). Relative and absolute reliability of a modified agility t-test and its relationship with vertical jump and straight sprint. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(6), 1644-1651. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b425d2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b425d2
Hachana, Y., Chaabène, H., Ben Rajeb, G., Khlifa, R., Aouadi, R., Chamari, K., & Gabbett, T.J. (2014). Validity and Reliability of New Agility Test among Elite and Subelite under 14-Soccer Players. PLOS One, 9(4), e95773. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095773 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095773
Kutlu, M., Yapici, H., & Yilmaz, A. (2017). Reliability and Validity of a New Test of Agility and Skill for Female Amateur Soccer Players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 56, 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0039
Boddington, M.K., Lambert, M.I., St Clair Gibson, A., & Noakes, T.D. (2001). Reliability of a 5-m multiple shuttle test. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(3), 223-228. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404101750095394 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/026404101750095394
Geldhof, E., Cardon, G., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Danneels, L., Coorevits, P., Vanderstraeten, G., & De Clercq, D. (2006). Static and dynamic standing balance: test-retest reliability and reference values in 9 to 10 year old children. European Journal of Pediatrics, 165, 779-786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-006-0173-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-006-0173-5
Haas, F., Sweeney, G., Pierre, A., Plusch, T. & Whiteson J. (2017). Validation of a 2 Minute Step Test for Assessing Functional Improvement. Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 5(2), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojtr.2017.52007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojtr.2017.52007
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Kovač, M., Sember, V., & Pajek, M. (2020). Implementation of the Gymnastics Curriculum in the First Three-year Cycle of the Primary School in Slovenia. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 12(3), 299-312. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.12.3.299-312 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.12.3.299-312
Trajković, N., Madić, D., Sporiš, G., Aleksić-Veljković, A., & Živčić-Marković, K. (2016). Impact of gymnastics program on healthrelated fitness in adolescent pupils. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 8(2), 157-166. http://161.53.22.65/datoteka/827633.SCGYM_8_2_2016_article_5_1.pdf
Granacher, U., & Borde, R. (2017). Effects of sport-specific training during the early stages of long-term athlete development on physical fitness, body composition, cognitive, and academic performances. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 810. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00810
Firmansyah, D., Rumini, R., & Priyono, B. (2022). Effect of Bedincak and PGRI Gymnastics Exercises on Motor Development. JUARA: Jurnal Olahraga, 7(3), 788-801. https://doi.org/10.33222/juara.v7i3.2440 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33222/juara.v7i3.2440
Sukmawati, N., Septaliza, D., Fikri, A., &Kesumawati, S.A. (2022). The Impact of ACIK Gymnastics on Physical Fitness in Elementary Schools. Kinestetik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 6(4), 764‒772. https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v6i4.25181 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v6i4.25181
Kirk, D. (2005). Physical education, youth sport and lifelong participation: the importance of early learning experiences. European Physical Education Review, 11(3), 239-255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X05056649 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X05056649
Raudsepp, L., & Päll, P. (2006). The relationship between fundamental motor skills and outside-school physical activity of elementary school children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 18(4), 426-435. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.18.4.426 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.18.4.426
Logan, S.W., Webster, E.K., Getchell, N., Pfeiffer, K.A., & Robinson, L.E. (2015). Relationship between fundamental motor skill competence and physical activity during childhood and adolescence: A systematic review. Kinesiology Review, 4(4), 416-426. https://doi.org/10.1123/kr.2013-0012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/kr.2013-0012
Jaakkola, T., Yli‐Piipari, S., Huotari, P., Watt, A., & Liukkonen, J. (2016). Fundamental movement skills and physical fitness as predictors of physical activity: A 6‐year follow‐up study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 26(1), 74-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12407 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12407
O’keeffe, S. L., Harrison, A. J., & Smyth, P. J. (2007). Transfer or specificity? An applied investigation into the relationship between fundamental overarm throwing and related sport skills. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 12(2), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980701281995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980701281995
Kokstejn, J., & Musalek, M. (2019). The relationship between fundamental motor skills and game specific skills in elite young soccer players. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19, 249–254. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2019.s1037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2019.s1037
Hulteen, R.M., Morgan, P.J., Barnett, L.M., Stodden, D.F., & Lubans, D.R. (2018). Development of foundational movement skills: A conceptual model for physical activity across the lifespan. Sports medicine, 48, 1533-1540. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0892-6
Ivashchenko, O., Berezhna, H. & Cieślicka, M. (2020). Motor Skills in the Structure of Physical Fitness of 7-Year-Old Boys. Journal of Learning Theory and Methodology, 1(1), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.17309/jltm.2020.1.02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17309/jltm.2020.1.02
Shevchenko, T., Khudoli, O. & Potop, V. (2020). Motor Skills in Physical Fitness Structure of 8-Year-Old Girls. Journal of Learning Theory and Methodology, 1(2), 64-69. https://doi.org/10.17309/jltm.2020.2.03 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17309/jltm.2020.2.03
Kiuchukov, I., Yanev, I., Petrov, L., Kolimechkov, S., Alexandrova, A., Zaykova, D., & Stoimenov, E. (2019). Impact of gymnastics training on the health-related physical fitness of young female and male artistic gymnasts. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 11(2), 175-187. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.11.2.175-187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.11.2.175-187
World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (2013). Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects, 64th WMA General Assembly, Fortaleza, Brazil, October 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2020 from the World Wide Web: http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/index.html.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Dejan Milenković
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
