Effect of Physical Activities Training and Massages on the Physical Fitness of Elderly People
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.3.16Keywords:
physical activities, massage, physical fitness, elderly peopleAbstract
Study purpose. The study aimed to investigate the effect of physical activities and massages on the physical fitness of elderly people.
Materials and methods. The participants were 32 females aged 62–75 who were willing to participate in the study. They were selected through a systematic random sampling. The participants were divided into two groups: the experimental and control groups. The experimental group performed physical activities such as Qi Gong and Ruesi Dadton (RSD), and received a massage for 90 minutes a day, 3 days a week, for a period of 8 weeks. The control group did not perform the physical activities in question. Quantitative data were gathered by measuring the elderly people’s body potential such as balance, strength of the leg and arm muscles, flexibility, flexibility of the shoulders, cardiovascular and respiratory endurance before and after training in the fourth and eighth weeks. Qualitative data were collected by means of a semi-structured interview.
Results. The study found that following the training in the fourth and eighth weeks, the experimental group had a better mean of body balance, muscular strength in arms and legs, flexibility in shoulders, cardiovascular and respiratory endurance than before training and the control group at a statistical significance (p < 0.05).
Conclusions. As regards the benefits to the physical fitness, it was found that the subjects had a better body balance, strength and endurance, better mental health, and more socialization.
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References
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Pimboon, P. (2019). Effects of a combined qi gong, tai chi and yoga training on the holistic health of elderly. Doctor of Philosophy (Sport and Exercise Science). Bangkok: Graduation, Srinakharinwirot University.
Nontakhod, K., Chuaibunchum, J., Klaharn, C., & Phunsang, N. (2020). Effects of tai chi and elastic training on balance and strength to elderly. Buriram: Sports Science Faculty of Science Buriram Rajabhat University.
Saetae, R., Supaporn, S., & Peepathum, P. (2018). Effects of combined gigong with yoga practice and qigong practice upon fear of falling and holistic health of elderly: A qualitative study. Journal Faculty Physical Education, 21(2), 43-54.
Kraiwong, R., Vongsirinavarat, M., Rueankam, M., & Sumalrot, T. (2021). Effects of physical-cognitive training on physical and psychological functions among older adults with type 2 dieabets and balance impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Journal Exercise Rehabilitation, 17(2), 120-130. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.214216.053
Minjoon, K., Hironobu, K., & Thawisuk, C. (2021). The use of elastic band exercise as a physical therapy intervention for improving shoulder function in older adults: a scoping review. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 17(5), 313-318. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2142574.287
Thaiprasert, N., Supaporn, S., & Peepathum, P. (2020). Effects of yoga training and nine-square stepping on elderly balance, stretching, fear of falling, and sleep quality. Journal Faculty Physical Education, 22(2), 60-69.
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Kim, THM., Dogra, S., Al-Sahab, B., & Tamim, H. (2014). Comparison of functional fitness outcome in experienced and inexperienced older adults after 16-week tai chi program. Alternative Therapy Health Medicine, 20(3), 20-25.
Zou, LY., Wang, CY., Tian, ZG., Wang, HR., & Shu, YK. (2017). Effect of yang-style tai chi on gait parameters and musculoskeletal flexibility in health Chinese older women. Sports, 5(3), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports5030052
Ladawan, S., Sungkamanee, S., Maharan, S., Amput, P., Srithawong, A., & Burtscher, M. (2022). Effects of a 4-movement Qigong exercise on cognitive function and physical performance in elderly women. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 22(2), 495-502. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2022.02062
Samuel, H., Marco, B., Joao, P., Jorge, S., Joao, S & Julio, M. (2021). Pilates and satisfaction with life in elderly. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(1), 152-158. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.01021
Chan, AWK., Yu, DSF., & Choi, KC. (2017). Effects of tai chi qigong on psychosocial well-being among hidden elderly, Using elderly neighborhood volunteer approach: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 12, 85-96. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S124604
Song, QH., Zhang, QH., Xu, RM., Ma, M., Zhao, XP., Shen, GQ., Guo, YH., & Wang, Y. (2014). Effect of Tai-chi exercise on lower limb muscle strength, bone mineral density and balance function of elderly women. International Journal Clinical Experimental Medicine, 7, 1569-1576.
Klarod, K., Singsanan, S., Thamwiriyasati, N., Ladawan, S., Luangpon, N., Boonsiri, P., & Burtscher, M. (2020). Effects of Qigong exercise on muscle strength and oxidative stress/antioxidant responses in young sedentary females: a quasi-experimental study. Journal Exercise Rehabilitation, 16(5), 418-426. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2040620.310
Khoo, Y., Schaik, P., & Mckenna, J. (2014). The happy antics program: holistic exercise for people with dementia. Journal Bodywork Movement Therapy, 18(4), 553-558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmit.2014.02.008
Krabuanrat, C., & Supaporn, S. (2014). Effects of exercises with rubber chain, the matrix of nine squares and stretching on health. Journal Faculty Physical Education, 17(2), 44-62.
Supaporn, S. (2018). Exercise selection of the elderly and related factors: A case study. Journal Faculty Physical Education, 21(2), 11-22.
Minjoon, K., Hironobu, K., & Thawisuk, C. (2021). The use of elastic band exercise as a physical therapy intervention for improving shoulder function in older adults: a scoping review. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 17(5), 313-318. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2142574.287
Murman, D. L. (2015). The Impact of age on cognition. Semin Hear, 36(3), 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1555155
Shen, L., Tang, X., Li, C., Qian, Z., Wang, J., & Liu, W. (2021). Status and factors of cognitive function among older adults in urban china. Front Psychology, 12, 728165. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.728165
Mubashir, M., Shao, L., & Seed, L. (2013). A survey on fall detection: Principle and approaches. Neurocomputing, 21(6), 369-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2011.09.03
Hoeger, W.W.K., & Hoeger, S.A. (2006). Principle and labs for fitness and wellness. 8thed. Belmont: Thomson.
Suksom, D. (2018). Exercise for health. Bangkok. Culalongkorn University Printing House.
Sang-Wan, J., & Ji-Youn, K. (2020). An exploration of the knowledge structure in studies on old people physical activities in Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation: by semantic network analysis. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 16(1), 69-77. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2040010.005
Vikas, S., Tenzing, N. B., Mahendra, K. S., & Nibu, R. K. (2022). Effect of vinyasa training on dynamic body balance of male national level yoga players. Teoria ta Metodika Fizicnogo Vihovanna, 22(1), 43-47. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.1
Bushman, B. (2011). Complete guide to fitness and health. American College of Sports Medicine. Human Kinetics.
Rungney, N. (2016). Health assessment: A holistic approach. Bangkok: Thana Press.
Supaporn, S. (2018). Exercise selection of the elderly and related factors: A case study. Journal Faculty Physical Education, 21(2), 11-22.
Silalertdetkul, S. (2005). Massaging athletes. Journal Faculty Physical Education, 6(1-2), 56-59.
Phungphai, C. (2007). The effects of applied Thai traditional massage on relaxation. M.Sc. Bangkok: Graduate School, Sinakarinwirot University.
Oh, HS., Jung, DH., & Oh, DW. (2003). The effects of therapeutic sports massage and ultrasound therapy on delayed onset muscle soreness. Korea Sport Research, 14, 1905-1920. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.140106
Jun-Ho, H., Min-Jeong, K., Hyuk-Jin, Y., Yu-Jin, L., & Yun-Hee, S. (2014). Effects of therapeutic massage on gait and pain after delay onset muscle soreness. Journal Exercise Rehabilitation, 10(2), 136-140. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.140106
Pimboon, P. (2019). Effects of a combined qi gong, tai chi and yoga training on the holistic health of elderly. Doctor of Philosophy (Sport and Exercise Science). Bangkok: Graduation, Srinakharinwirot University.
Supaporn, S. (2003). Qi Gong-style Physical and Mental Exercise. Bangkok: Prasanmit Press.
Peepathum, P. (2004). Effects of applied Ruesi Dadton (RSD) on flexibility and health. M.Sc. Bangkok: Graduate School, Sinakarinwirot University.
Noradechanunt, C., Worsley, A., & Groeller, H. (2017). Thai yoga improve physical function and well-being in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Journal Science Medicine Sport, 20, 494-501. https://doi/org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.10.007
Canli, S., & Ozyurda, F. (2020). A multi-modal exercise intervention that improves cognitive function and physical performance, elderly with mobility-related disability: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Sports Medicine Physical Fitness, 60, 1027-1033. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.20.10286-X
Phaksachipphon, K., Kusuma, S., Ananya, D., Aungkana, K., Chuntida, K., & Parunkul, T. (2021). Traditional Thai exercise (Ruesi Dadton) for improving motor and cognitive functions in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlles trial. Journal Exercise Rehabilitation, 17(5), 331-338. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2142542.271
Nontakhod, K., Yangngam, S., Charam, K., & Butin, M. (2021). Effects of physical activities training with yoga, qi gong, and stretching on the health to elderly. Turkish Journal Physiotherapy Rehabilitation, 32(3), 33604-33614.
Pimboon, P. (2019). Effects of a combined qi gong, tai chi and yoga training on the holistic health of elderly. Doctor of Philosophy (Sport and Exercise Science). Bangkok: Graduation, Srinakharinwirot University.
Nontakhod, K., Chuaibunchum, J., Klaharn, C., & Phunsang, N. (2020). Effects of tai chi and elastic training on balance and strength to elderly. Buriram: Sports Science Faculty of Science Buriram Rajabhat University.
Saetae, R., Supaporn, S., & Peepathum, P. (2018). Effects of combined gigong with yoga practice and qigong practice upon fear of falling and holistic health of elderly: A qualitative study. Journal Faculty Physical Education, 21(2), 43-54.
Kraiwong, R., Vongsirinavarat, M., Rueankam, M., & Sumalrot, T. (2021). Effects of physical-cognitive training on physical and psychological functions among older adults with type 2 dieabets and balance impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Journal Exercise Rehabilitation, 17(2), 120-130. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.214216.053
Minjoon, K., Hironobu, K., & Thawisuk, C. (2021). The use of elastic band exercise as a physical therapy intervention for improving shoulder function in older adults: a scoping review. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 17(5), 313-318. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2142574.287
Thaiprasert, N., Supaporn, S., & Peepathum, P. (2020). Effects of yoga training and nine-square stepping on elderly balance, stretching, fear of falling, and sleep quality. Journal Faculty Physical Education, 22(2), 60-69.
Ching, L., Chen, SY., Lai, JS., & Wong, AMK. (2013). Tai chi chuan in medicine and health promotion. Evidence- Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/502131
Kim, THM., Dogra, S., Al-Sahab, B., & Tamim, H. (2014). Comparison of functional fitness outcome in experienced and inexperienced older adults after 16-week tai chi program. Alternative Therapy Health Medicine, 20(3), 20-25.
Zou, LY., Wang, CY., Tian, ZG., Wang, HR., & Shu, YK. (2017). Effect of yang-style tai chi on gait parameters and musculoskeletal flexibility in health Chinese older women. Sports, 5(3), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports5030052
Ladawan, S., Sungkamanee, S., Maharan, S., Amput, P., Srithawong, A., & Burtscher, M. (2022). Effects of a 4-movement Qigong exercise on cognitive function and physical performance in elderly women. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 22(2), 495-502. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2022.02062
Samuel, H., Marco, B., Joao, P., Jorge, S., Joao, S & Julio, M. (2021). Pilates and satisfaction with life in elderly. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(1), 152-158. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.01021
Chan, AWK., Yu, DSF., & Choi, KC. (2017). Effects of tai chi qigong on psychosocial well-being among hidden elderly, Using elderly neighborhood volunteer approach: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 12, 85-96. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S124604
Song, QH., Zhang, QH., Xu, RM., Ma, M., Zhao, XP., Shen, GQ., Guo, YH., & Wang, Y. (2014). Effect of Tai-chi exercise on lower limb muscle strength, bone mineral density and balance function of elderly women. International Journal Clinical Experimental Medicine, 7, 1569-1576.
Klarod, K., Singsanan, S., Thamwiriyasati, N., Ladawan, S., Luangpon, N., Boonsiri, P., & Burtscher, M. (2020). Effects of Qigong exercise on muscle strength and oxidative stress/antioxidant responses in young sedentary females: a quasi-experimental study. Journal Exercise Rehabilitation, 16(5), 418-426. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2040620.310
Khoo, Y., Schaik, P., & Mckenna, J. (2014). The happy antics program: holistic exercise for people with dementia. Journal Bodywork Movement Therapy, 18(4), 553-558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmit.2014.02.008
Krabuanrat, C., & Supaporn, S. (2014). Effects of exercises with rubber chain, the matrix of nine squares and stretching on health. Journal Faculty Physical Education, 17(2), 44-62.
Supaporn, S. (2018). Exercise selection of the elderly and related factors: A case study. Journal Faculty Physical Education, 21(2), 11-22.
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Published
2022-09-23
How to Cite
Nontakhod, K., Promlak, J., Mangkool, S., Injandee, S., Mhoksantia, K., Thobson, S., Changakram, S., & Kaythai, N. (2022). Effect of Physical Activities Training and Massages on the Physical Fitness of Elderly People. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 22(3), 407–413. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.3.16
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