Secondary Prevention of Visual Impairment in Students with Medium Degree Myopia by Means of Physical Therapy in a Vocational School
Keywords:
vocational school, myopia, physical therapy
Abstract
The objective is to implement a visual impairment prevention program into a vocational school’s academic process for the risk group students and to determine its effectiveness based on the dynamics of comprehensive scoring assessment of the degree of visual pathology risk.
Materials and methods. Observed were 91 students (35 boys and 56 girls). For the formative experiment purposes, a study group (SG) consisting of 10 persons (4 boys and 6 girls with a visual organ pathology who performed the designed preventive program) and a reference group (RG) consisting of 10 persons (5 boys and 5 girls with a visual organ pathology who studied under the usual program) were selected The program effectiveness was evaluated by changes in the students’ subjective evaluation of their visual comfort. The Relative Risk Index (RR) was used to perform a rough evatuation of the cause-effect relations between the acting factor and the effect appearance. The output characteristics were compared between the groups using χ2 tests (binary variables), t-tests (continuous variables), Mann-Whitney test for comparing the distribution of ordinal variables, and Wilcoxon test (related sampling).
Results. The dynamics in the RG over the academic year showed an increase in the scoring assessment of the visual fatigue, which constituted 90.6 ± 10.3%. At the same time, the students in the SG demonstrated a reduced intensity and number of complaints about the visual analyzer fatigue. In the SG, the complex scoring assessment reliably decreased from 9.8 ± 0.8 to 7.2 ± 0.9 c.u. The implemented preventive program had a positive effect on the complaints: “the desire to bring the text closer to the eyes” (relative risk (RR) = 6.0, χ2 = 5.6, p <0.05), “the feeling of existence of certain periods of change in the visual acuity” (relative risk (RR) = 3.5; χ2 = 5.1; p <0.05), and the overall assessment of the questionnaire (relative risk (RR) = 7.0; χ2 = 7.5; p <0.01). The implementation of the proposed program, by the results of the interview of the students with a visual organ pathology, produced a reliable (p <0.05) increase in the level of the visual analyzer performance.
Conclusions. The implementation of the proposed program for the vocational school students with a visual organ pathology had a positve effect on their subjective evaluation of their visual analyzer performance.
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Zhai, L. L., Wu, X. Y., Xu, S. J., Wan, Y. H., Zhang, S. C., Xu, L., . . . Tao, F. B. (2017). Study on relationship between outdoor activities and self-reported myopia among middle school students. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi, 51(9), 801-806. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2017.09.006
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Wu, P. C., Tsai, C. L., Hu, C. H., & Yang, Y. H. (2010). Effects of outdoor activities on myopia among rural school children in Taiwan. Ophthalmic Epidemiol,17, 338-342.
Sherwin, J. C., Reacher, M. H., Keogh, R. H., Khawaja, A. P., Mackey, D. A., & Foster, P. J. (2013). A new community-based outdoor intervention to increase physical activity in Singapore children: findings from focus groups. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 42, 225-231.
Xu, L., Wan, Y. H., Liu, W., Zhang, S. C., Ma, S. S., Xu, S. J., . . . Tao, F. B. (2017). Investigation of influencing factors associated with neck-shoulder symptoms among middle school students in three cities in China. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi, 51(9), 781-785. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2017.09.002
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Pashkevych, S. A., & Kryventsova, I. V. (2015). Vyznachennia stanu zdorovia ta skarh, poviazanykh z patolohiieiu khrebta u studentok litseiu. Visnyk Chernihivskoho natsionalnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu. Seriia: Pedahohichni nauky. Fizychne vykhovannia, 3(129), 250-254.
Podrigalo, L. V., & Pashkevich, S. A. (2011). Issledovanie funktcionalnogo sostoianiia zritelnoi sistemy shkolnikov kak predposylki razvitiia donozologii. Zdorove i okruzhaiushchaia sreda, 18, 160-164.
Klimenchenko, V. G., Kriventsova, I. V., Gorban, I.Iu., & Makhonin, A. (2014). Features of the procedure of joint exercises for physical education with students of basic and special medical groups. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports, (4), 18-21. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.950951.
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Guo, Y., Liu, L. J., Xu, L., Lv, Y. Y., Tang, P., Feng, Y., & Meng, M. (2013). Outdoor activity and myopia among primary students in rural and urban regions of Beijing. Ophthalmology, 120, 277-283.
Battersby, K., Koy, L., French, A. N., Ashby, R. S., Morgan, I. G., & Rose, K. A. (2013). Time outdoors and the prevention of myopia. Exp Eye Res, 114, 58-68.
Phillips, N., Sim, J., Wilk, J., & Schmid, K. L. (2015). Analysis of physical activity in emmetropic and myopic university students during semester and holiday periods: a pilot study. Clin Exp Optom, 98(6), 547-54. doi:10.1111/cxo.12327
Lin, Z., Vasudevan, B., Fang, S. J., Jhanji, V., Mao, G. Y., Han, W., . . . Liang, Y. B. (2016). Eye exercises of acupoints: their impact on myopia and visual symptoms in Chinese rural children. BMC Complement Altern Med, 16(16), 349-10. doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1289-4
Koryahin, V.M., & Blavt, O.Z. (2017). Correction of Morphofunctional Condition in Students of Special Medical Groups with Ophthalmologic Diseases when Implementing Experimental Control Technology. Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ, 17(1), 33-41. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2017.1.1184
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Ivashchenko, O. V. (2016). Methodic of pedagogic control of 16-17 years’ age girls’ motor fitness. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports, 20(5), 26-32.
Іващенко, О., & Худолій, О. (2016). Методологічні підходи до педагогічного контролю у процесі фізичного виховання дівчат 12-14 років. Теорія та методика фізичного виховання, 0(4), 13-24. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2016.4.1175
Xu, SJ., Wan, YH., Xu, ZH., Zhang, H., Xu, L., Wang, B., & Tao, FB. (2016). Association between time spent on physical exercise, sleep, homework and suspected myopia among students. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2016 Feb;37(2),183-186. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2016.02.006. Chinese.
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Thykjær, S. A., Lundberg, K., & Grauslund, J. (2016). Physical activity in relation to development and progression of myopia – a systematic review. Acta Ophthalmol. doi: 10.1111/aos.13316
Lundberg, K., Thykjær A. S., Hansen, R. S., Westergaard, A. H., Jacobsen, N., Goldschmidt, E., . . . Grassland, J. (2017). Physical activity and myopia in Danish children—The. CHAMPS Eye Study. Acta Ophthalmol, 3. DOI: 10.1111/aos.13513
Zhai, L. L., Wu, X. Y., Xu, S. J., Wan, Y. H., Zhang, S. C., Xu, L., . . . Tao, F. B. (2017). Study on relationship between outdoor activities and self-reported myopia among middle school students. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi, 51(9), 801-806. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2017.09.006
Dirani, M., Tong, L., Gazzard, G., Zhang, X., Chia, A., Young, T. L., & Rose, K. A. (2009). Outdoor activity and myopia in Singapore teenage children. Br J Ophthalmic, 93, 997-1000.
Wu, P. C., Tsai, C. L., Hu, C. H., & Yang, Y. H. (2010). Effects of outdoor activities on myopia among rural school children in Taiwan. Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 17, 338-342.
Sherwin, J. C., Reacher, M. H., Keogh, R. H., Khawaja, A. P., Mackey, D. A., & Foster, P. J. (2013). A new community-based outdoor intervention to increase physical activity in Singapore children: findings from focus groups. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 42, 225-231.
Xu, L., Wan, Y. H., Liu, W., Zhang, S. C., Ma, S. S., Xu, S. J., . . . Tao, F. B. (2017). Investigation of influencing factors associated with neck-shoulder symptoms among middle school students in three cities in China. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi, 51(9), 781-785. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2017.09.002
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Rose, K. A. (2008). Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children. Ophthalmology, 115, 1279-1285.
Lu, B., Congdon, N., Liu, X., Choi, K., Lam, D. S., Zhang, M., & Zheng, M. (2009). Associations between near work, outdoor activity, and myopia among adolescent students in rural China: the Xichang Pediatric Refractive Error Study report no. 2. Arch Ophthalmic, 127, 769-775.
Guggenheim, J. A., Northstone, K., McMahon, G., Ness, A. R., Deere, K., Mattocks, C., & Pourcain, B. S. (2012). Time outdoors and physical activity as predictors of incident myopia in childhood: a prospective cohort study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012, 53, 2856-2865.
Li, S. M., Kang, M. T., Peng, X. X., Li, S. Y., Wang, Y., Li, L., . . . Wang, N. (2015). Efficacy of Chinese eye exercises on reducing accommodative lag in school-aged children: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One, 10(3), 117-552. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117552.
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Deere, K., Williams, C., Leary, S., Mattocks, C., Ness, A., Blair, S. N., & Riddoch, C. (2009). Myopia and later physical activity in adolescence: a prospective study. Br J Sports Med, 43, 542-544.
Sherwin, J. C., Hewitt, A. W., Coroneo, M. T., Kearns, L. S., Griffiths, L. R., & Mackey, D. A. (2012). The association between time spent outdoors and myopia using a novel biomarker of outdoor light exposure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 53, 4363-4370.
Guo, Y., Liu, L. J., Xu, L., Lv, Y. Y., Tang, P., Feng, Y., & Meng, M. (2013). Outdoor activity and myopia among primary students in rural and urban regions of Beijing. Ophthalmology, 120, 277-283.
Battersby, K., Koy, L., French, A. N., Ashby, R. S., Morgan, I. G., & Rose, K. A. (2013). Time outdoors and the prevention of myopia. Exp Eye Res, 114, 58-68.
Phillips, N., Sim, J., Wilk, J., & Schmid, K. L. (2015). Analysis of physical activity in emmetropic and myopic university students during semester and holiday periods: a pilot study. Clin Exp Optom, 98(6), 547-54. doi:10.1111/cxo.12327
Lin, Z., Vasudevan, B., Fang, S. J., Jhanji, V., Mao, G. Y., Han, W., . . . Liang, Y. B. (2016). Eye exercises of acupoints: their impact on myopia and visual symptoms in Chinese rural children. BMC Complement Altern Med, 16(16), 349-10. doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1289-4
Koryahin, V.M., & Blavt, O.Z. (2017). Correction of Morphofunctional Condition in Students of Special Medical Groups with Ophthalmologic Diseases when Implementing Experimental Control Technology. Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ, 17(1), 33-41. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2017.1.1184
Ivashchenko, O. V. (2016). Methodic of pedagogic control of 16-17 years’ age girls’ motor fitness. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports, 20(5), 26-32.
Іващенко, О., & Худолій, О. (2016). Методологічні підходи до педагогічного контролю у процесі фізичного виховання дівчат 12-14 років. Теорія та методика фізичного виховання, 0(4), 13-24. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2016.4.1175
Xu, SJ., Wan, YH., Xu, ZH., Zhang, H., Xu, L., Wang, B., & Tao, FB. (2016). Association between time spent on physical exercise, sleep, homework and suspected myopia among students. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2016 Feb;37(2),183-186. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2016.02.006. Chinese.
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2017-12-30
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Pashkevich, S., & Kriventsova, I. (2017). Secondary Prevention of Visual Impairment in Students with Medium Degree Myopia by Means of Physical Therapy in a Vocational School. Teorìâ Ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ, 17(4), 159-168. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2017.4.1200
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Physical Education of Various Population Groups
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