Вплив проявів гострої втоми при використанні ігор неповними складами на силу нижніх кінцівок, асиметрію між кінцівками та техніку приземлення у юних футболісток вікової категорії до 15 років
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.5.10Ключові слова:
ігри неповними складами, стрибок, асиметрія між кінцівками, юна футболістка, тренування високої інтенсивностіАнотація
Історія питання. Зростання кількості юних футболісток вимагає розуміння адаптаційних процесів, що визначаються специфічними для цього виду спорту вправами як для покращення спортивної результативності, так і з метою зменшення ризику травматизму у жіночому футболі.
Мета дослідження. Мета цього дослідження полягала в проведенні аналізу безпосереднього впливу ігор неповними складами (ІНС) на контроль техніки приземлення, силу нижніх кінцівок та функціональну асиметрію нижніх кінцівок у футболісток віком до 15 років.
Матеріали та методи. Загалом 18 юних футболісток (вік: 14.04 ± 0.26 років, вага: 51.56 ± 2.9 кг; зріст: 146.9 ± 3.22 см) рандомізовано виконували комплекс тестів зі стрибків на одній нозі, використовуючи систему оцінювання помилок приземлення (Landing Error Scoring System) та вертикальний стрибок наприкінці розминки (у стані перед втомою) та після проведення ІНС (3 на 3, 4 х 4 хв на полі 24,5 м х 24,5 м, стан після втоми). Значення асиметрії між кінцівками було розраховано шляхом порівняння двох тестів зі стрибків на одній нозі (лівою та правою кінцівками) за формулою: (кінцівка з найвищим показником результативності – кінцівка з найнижчим показником/кінцівка з найвищим показником) × 100.
Результати. Результати тестів з виконання стрибків на одній нозі та вертикального стрибка на етапах порівняльного аналізу перед та після проведення ІНС показали значне зниження результативності (p<0.001, ES: 1.43 та 1.43 відповідно). Значення асиметрії між кінцівками суттєво підвищилося (p<0.001, ES:1.18) з 9.07±2.67% до 13.42±7.49%. Значення контролю приземлення зазнало істотного зниження показників з 5.72±0.67 до 7.83±0.86 (p<0.001, ES:1.29).
Висновки. Результати дослідження свідчать про вплив високоінтенсивних футбольних тренувань на якість контролю приземлення, зниження результативності вибухової сили та підвищення значення асиметрії між кінцівками. Специфічні футбольні вправи мають бути ретельно модульовані в рамках тренувального заняття.
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