Assessing the Effects of Isoinertial Eccentric Training on Kinetic Stability, Feinting Ability, and Kicking Power in Youth Rugby Players: A Randomized Controlled Study

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.4.05

Keywords:

isoinertial training, kinetic stability, kicking velocity, feinting agility, reactive strength, power development

Abstract

Background. Rugby requires explosive strength in the lower body, agility, and stability, with eccentric actions being key in performance and in the prevention of injuries. Although isoinertial training has shown promise in enhancing eccentric strength in other sports, its effects on rugby-specific skills remain understudied.

Objectives. This study aimed to examine the impact of a six-week isoinertial strength training program on improving kinetic stability, feinting ability, and kicking power in youth rugby players.

Materials and methods.  Forty male athletes (age: 15.2 ± 0.6 years) were randomized into two groups: an experimental group (EG; n = 20) performing isoinertial training twice weekly for lower extremity strength, and a control group (CG; n = 20) who continued with traditional training. Pre- and post-intervention evaluation included the Y-Balance Test (kinetic stability), Fitlight-driven feinting tests, and radar-measured kicking speed.

Results. The EG showed significant improvements in the Y-Balance score on the right leg (+4.5%, p < 0.001) and left leg (+3.9%, p < 0.001), faster feinting reaction times (−3.6%, p = 0.005), and enhanced kicking power (+9.8%, p < 0.001) when compared to the CG, which had no substantial changes (p > 0.05).

Conclusions. The study concludes that isoinertial eccentric training enhances rugby-specific performance metrics, likely mediated by improved neuromuscular control and eccentric strength. Therefore, these findings support the inclusion of isoinertial training in youth rugby conditioning programs to enhance agility, stability, and power.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Anwar Ali S Syed, Manipal Academy of Higher Education

Manipal, Karnataka, India
syed.s@manipal.edu

William R Rajesh, Manipal Academy of Higher Education

Manipal, Karnataka, India
rajesh.william@manipal.edu

S Kalaivani, Manipal Academy of Higher Education

Manipal, Karnataka, India
kalaivani.sp@manipal.edu

R Purushothaman, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology

Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
purushothaman.ped@crescent.education

Kirubakar Glady, YMCA College of Physical Education

Chennai, India
drsgkpe@gmail.com

Darling Margaret Glory, YMCA College of Physical Education

Chennai, India
brjgdpe@gmail.com

References

Mužek, R. (2015). Origins and development of rugby.

Warren, A. J., Coble, A. B., O’Brien, M. S., Smith, D. B., Wheeler, A. A., Hetzler, T., & Cramer, J. T. (2014). Acute Effects of Practical Hamstring Stretching: Implications for Clinical Practice in the Sports Medicine Setting. Athletic Training & Sports Health Care, 6(2), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.3928/19425864-20140306-01 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/19425864-20140306-01

Byrne, C., & Eston, R. (2002). Maximal-intensity isometric and dynamic exercise performance after eccentric muscle actions. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(12), 951-959. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102321011706 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102321011706

Randell, A. D. (2011).Optimising transference of strength and power adaptation to sports specific performance.

Harris-Love, M. O., Seamon, B. A., Gonzales, T. I., Hernandez, H. J., Pennington, D., & Hoover, B. M. (2017). Eccentric Exercise Program Design: A Periodization Model for Rehabilitation Applications. Frontiers in Physiology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00112 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00112

Douglas, J., Pearson, S., Ross, A., & McGuigan, M. (2017). Eccentric Exercise: Physiological Characteristics and Acute Responses. Sports Medicine, 47(4), 663-675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0624-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0624-8

Harris-Love, M. O., Gollie, J. M., & Keogh, J. W. L. (2021). Eccentric Exercise: Adaptations and Applications for Health and Performance. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(4), 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6040096 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6040096

Majeedkutty, N. A. (2018). Accentuated eccentric training: Effects on horizontal jump distance and muscle strength among young adults. MOJ Yoga & Physical Therapy, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.15406/mojypt.2018.03.00045 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15406/mojypt.2018.03.00045

McNeill, C., Beaven, C. M., McMaster, D. T., & Gill, N. (2019). Eccentric Training Interventions and Team Sport Athletes. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 4(4), 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4040067 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4040067

Ali, K., & Leland, J. M. (2012). Hamstring Strains and Tears in the Athlete. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 31(2), 263-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2011.11.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2011.11.001

Chavarro-Nieto, C., Beaven, M., Gill, N., & Hébert-Losier, K. (2022). Reliability of Repeated Nordic Hamstring Strength in Rugby Players Using a Load Cell Device. Sensors, 22(24), 9756. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249756 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249756

Nylen, J. E., Rose, S. A., & Wood, T. D. (1994). Flywheel resistance mechanism for exercise equipment.

Correa, F., & Lindberg, E. (2020). Flywheel exercise method, apparatus and the use therefor.

Coratella, G., & Schena, F. (2016). Eccentric resistance training increases and retains maximal strength, muscle endurance, and hypertrophy in trained men. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(11), 1184-1189. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0321 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0321

Maffiuletti, N. A., Aagaard, P., Blazevich, A. J., Folland, J., Tillin, N., & Duchateau, J. (2016). Rate of force development: Physiological and methodological considerations. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 116(6), 1091-1116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3346-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3346-6

Fonseca, S. T., Ocarino, J. M., & Silva, P. L. P. (2004). Ajuste da rigidez muscular via sistema fuso-muscular-gama: implicações para o controle da estabilidade articular. Rev Bras Fisioter, 8(3), 187-95.

Kenville, R., Maudrich, T., Körner, S., Zimmer, J., & Ragert, P. (2021). Effects of Short-Term Dynamic Balance Training on Postural Stability in School-Aged Football Players and Gymnasts. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 767036. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767036 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767036

Harden, M., Comfort, P., & Haff, G. G. (2022). Eccentric training: Scientific background and practical applications. In A. N. Turner & P. Comfort, Advanced Strength and Conditioning (2nd ed., pp. 190–212). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003044734-15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003044734-15

Pokrajčić, V., Herceg, L., Dugonjić, B., & Vojvodić, M. (2018). Effects of Speed and Agility Trainings at Young Football Players. Sportlogia, 14(1), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.5550/sgia.181401.en.phd DOI: https://doi.org/10.5550/sgia.181401.en.phd

Burgos-Jara, C., Cerda-Kohler, H., Aedo-Muñoz, E., & Miarka, B. (2023). Eccentric Resistance Training: A Methodological Proposal of Eccentric Muscle Exercise Classification Based on Exercise Complexity, Training Objectives, Methods, and Intensity. Applied Sciences, 13(13), 7969. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137969 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137969

Faude, O., Rössler, R., Petushek, E. J., Roth, R., Zahner, L., & Donath, L. (2017). Neuromuscular Adaptations to Multimodal Injury Prevention Programs in Youth Sports: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 791. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00791 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00791

Widenhoefer, T. L., Miller, T. M., Weigand, M. S., Watkins, E. A., & Almonroeder, T. G. (2019). Training rugby athletes with an external attentional focus promotes more automatic adaptions in landing forces. Sports Biomechanics, 18(2), 163-173. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2019.1584237 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2019.1584237

Brearley, S., & Bishop, C. (2019). Transfer of Training: How Specific Should We Be? Strength & Conditioning Journal, 41(3), 97-109. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000450 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000450

Wonders, J. (2019). Flywheel training in musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a clinical commentary. The International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 14(6), 994-1000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26603/ijspt20190994

Yam, T. T. T., & Fong, S. S. M. (2019). Y-Balance Test Performance and Leg Muscle Activations of Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. Journal of Motor Behavior, 51(4), 385-393. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2018.1485011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2018.1485011

Badau, D., & Badau, A. (2022). Optimizing Reaction Time in Relation to Manual and Foot Laterality in Children Using the Fitlight Technological Systems. Sensors, 22(22), 8785. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228785 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228785

Parsonage, J. R., Williams, R. S., Rainer, P., McKeown, I., & Williams, M. D. (2014). Assessment of Conditioning-Specific Movement Tasks and Physical Fitness Measures in Talent Identified Under 16-Year-Old Rugby Union Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(6), 1497-1506. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000298 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000298

Petré, H., Wernstål, F., & Mattsson, C. M. (2018). Effects of Flywheel Training on Strength-Related Variables: A Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine - Open, 4(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0169-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0169-5

Bright, T. E., Handford, M. J., Mundy, P., Lake, J., Theis, N., & Hughes, J. D. (2023). Building for the Future: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Eccentric Resistance Training on Measures of Physical Performance in Youth Athletes. Sports Medicine, 53(6), 1219-1254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01843-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01843-y

Schorderet, C., Hilfiker, R., & Allet, L. (2021). The role of the dominant leg while assessing balance performance. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gait & Posture, 84, 66-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.11.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.11.008

Del Ama Espinosa, G., Pöyhönen, T., Aramendi, J. F., Samaniego, J. C., Emparanza Knörr, J. I., & Kyröläinen, H. (2015). Effects of an eccentric training programme on hamstring strain injuries in women football players. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/bhk-2015-0019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/bhk-2015-0019

Murton, J., Eager, R., & Drury, B. (2023). Comparison of flywheel versus traditional resistance training in elite academy male Rugby union players. Research in Sports Medicine, 31(3), 214-227. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2021.1954518 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2021.1954518

Mentele, P. A., Rimer, E. D., & Martin, J. C. (2022). Accessing Injury Risk Association With Asymmetry During The Countermovement Jump In Male American Football Players: 2196. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 54(9S), 638-639. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000883072.85369.6b DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000883072.85369.6b

Nikitenko, A. (2018). Agility and coordination testing in combat sports and martial arts. Science in Olympic Sport, 62-72. https://doi.org/10.32652/olympic2018.3_5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32652/olympic2018.3_5

Zhang, W., Li, Z., & Lei, Y. (2010). Experimental measurement of growth patterns on fossil corals: Secular variation in ancient Earth-Sun distances. Chinese Science Bulletin, 55(35), 4010-4017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-4197-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-4197-x

Dos’Santos, T., Thomas, C., Comfort, P., & Jones, P. A. (2018). The Effect of Angle and Velocity on Change of Direction Biomechanics: An Angle-Velocity Trade-Off. Sports Medicine, 48(10), 2235-2253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0968-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0968-3

Zamparo, P., Antonutto, G., Capelli, C., & Di Prampero, P. E. (2000). Effects of different after-loads and knee angles on maximal explosive power of the lower limbs in humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 82(5–6), 381-390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210000215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210000215

Romero Boza, S., Feria Madueño, A., Sañudo Corrales, B., De Hoyo Lora, M., & Del Ojo López, J. J. (2014). Efectos de entrenamiento de fuerza en sistema isoinercial sobre la mejora del CMJ en jóvenes futbolistas de elite (Effects of strength training using a isoinertial device on jump ability in young elite soccer players). Retos, 26, 180-182. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i26.34464 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i26.34464

Hernández-Davó, J. L., Sabido, R., & Blazevich, A. J. (2021). High-speed stretch-shortening cycle exercises as a strategy to provide eccentric overload during resistance training. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. https://doi.org/10.1111/SMS.14055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14055

Hernández‐Davó, J. L., Sabido, R., & Blazevich, A. J. (2021). High‐speed stretch‐shortening cycle exercises as a strategy to provide eccentric overload during resistance training. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 31(12), 2211-2220. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14055

Downloads

Published

2025-07-30

How to Cite

Syed, A. A. S., Rajesh, W. R., Kalaivani, S., Purushothaman, R., Glady, K., & Glory, D. M. (2025). Assessing the Effects of Isoinertial Eccentric Training on Kinetic Stability, Feinting Ability, and Kicking Power in Youth Rugby Players: A Randomized Controlled Study. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 25(4), 787–793. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.4.05

Issue

Section

Original Scientific Articles