Effects of Individualized Training and Respiratory Muscle Training on Pulmonary Function among Collegiate Swimmers: an Experimental Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.3s.09Keywords:
Individualized training, Respiratory Muscle Training, Pulmonary Function, Collegiate Swimmers, Swimming PerformanceAbstract
The study aimed to examine the effect of individualized (IT) and respiratory muscle training (RMT) on pulmonary function among collegiate swimmers.
Materials and methods. The study recruited 43 healthy collegiate swimmers aged 18 to 25, and they were freestyle non-elite swimmers who swam at least three days a week. The participants were divided into three groups of Usual training (Control Group A), Respiratory muscle training (Experimental Group B) and Combination of respiratory muscle training and individualized training (Experimental Group C). The repeated measures two-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the differences within and between (time x group) the groups upon completion of the four-week intervention.
Results. Both experimental groups (Group B and C) showed significant improvement within the groups. Whereas in between-group comparison, Group C (RMT and IT) showed tremendous improvement with significant differences in FVC value, predicted FVC value (percent), FEV1, FEV (percent), and predicted MVV, with the exception of the FEV1/FVC predicted ratio percent.
Conclusions. When RMT and IT are used combined, swimmers’ performance increases more than when RMT and usual training are used separately. The findings suggest that training instructors may adapt RMT and IT techniques to fit the individual demands of swimmers in order to increase progress and performance efficiency, especially among competitive swimmers.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Cohen, R. C. Z., Cleary, P. W., Mason, B. R., & Pease, D. L. (2015). The Role of the Hand during Freestyle Swimming. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 137(11). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4031586
Pareek, R. P., & Modak, P. (2013). The Effect of Swimming on Pulmonary Function in Healthy Student Population. International Educational E-Journal, 2(4), 31-36.
Cunha, M., Mendes, F., Paciência, I., Rodolfo, A., Carneiro-Leão, L., Rama, T., Rufo, J., Delgado, L., & Moreira, A. (2019). The effect of inspiratory muscle training on swimming performance, inspiratory muscle strength, lung function, and perceived breathlessness in elite swimmers: a randomized controlled trial. Porto Biomedical Journal, 4(6), e49. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000049
Sable, M., Vaidya, S. M., & Sable, S. S. (2012). Comparative study of lung functions in swimmers and runners. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 56(1), 100-104.
Hess, H., & Hostler, D. (2018). Respiratory muscle training effects on performance in hypo- and hyperbaria. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance, 89(11), 996-1001. https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.5138.2018
Bougault, V., & Boulet, L. P. (2012). Airway dysfunction in swimmers. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(6), 402-406. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090821
HajGhanbari, B., Yamabayashi, C., Buna, T. R., Coelho, J. D., Freedman, K. D., Morton, T. A., Palmer, S. A., Toy, M. A., Walsh, C., Sheel, A. W., & Reid, W. D. (2013). Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training on Performance in Athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(6), 1643-1663. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e318269f73f
Illi, S. K., Held, U., Frank, I., & Spengler, C. M. (2012). Effect of respiratory muscle training on exercise performance in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In Sports Medicine (Vol. 42, Issue 8). https://doi.org/10.2165/11631670-000000000-00000
Lemaitre, F., Coquart, J. B., Chavallard, F., Castres, I., Mucci, P., Costalat, G., & Chollet, D. (2013). Effect of additional respiratory muscle endurance training in young well-trained swimmers. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 12(4), 630-638.
Grant, M. C. (2017). Land Based Resistance Training and Youth Swimming Performance. International Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine, 3(4), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5718/1510064
Sadowski, J., Mastalerz, A., Gromisz, W., & Niźnikowski, T. (2012). Effectiveness of the power dry-land training programmes in youth swimmers. Journal of Human Kinetics, 32(1), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0025-5
Wells, G. D., Plyley, M., Thomas, S., Goodman, L., & Duffin, J. (2005). Effects of concurrent inspiratory and expiratory muscle training on respiratory and exercise performance in competitive swimmers. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 94(5-6), 527-540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-005-1375-7
Witt, J. D., Guenette, J. A., Rupert, J. L., Mckenzie, D. C., & Sheel, A. W. (2007). Inspiratory muscle training attenuates the human respiratory muscle metaboreflex. Journal of Physiology, 584(3), 1019-1028. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.140855
Wylegala, J. A., Pendergast, D. R., Gosselin, L. E., Warkander, D. E., & Lundgren, C. E. G. (2007). Respiratory muscle training improves swimming endurance in divers. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 99(4), 393-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-006-0359-6
Bağıran, Y., Dağlıoğlu, Ö., & Bostancı, Ö. (2019). The effect of respiratory muscle training on aerobic power and respiratory parameters in swimmers. Uluslararası Spor Egzersiz ve Antrenman Bilimi Dergisi, 5(4), 214-220.
Espinosa-Mendez, C. M., Renero-Carrillo, F. J., San Martin-Rodriguez, S. L., & Flores-Chico, B. (2021). The effect of respiratory muscle training on the maximum oxygen consumption and the anaerobic threshold. Sport Mont, 18(1), 57-60. https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.201010
Ren-Jay Shei (2018). Recent advancements in our understanding of the ergogenic effect of respiratory muscle training in healthy humans: a systematic review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(9), 2665-2676. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002730
Wilson, E. E., McKeever, T. M., Lobb, C., Sherriff, T., Gupta, L., Hearson, G., Martin, N., Lindley, M. R., & Shaw, D. E. (2014). Respiratory muscle specific warm-up and elite swimming performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(9), 789-791. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092523
Menezes, K. K. P., Nascimento, L. R., Ada, L., Polese, J. C., Avelino, P. R., & Teixeira-Salmela, L. F. (2016). Respiratory muscle training increases respiratory muscle strength and reduces respiratory complications after stroke: A systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 62(3), 138-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2016.05.014
Kim, J., Park, J. H., & Yim, J. (2014). Effects of respiratory muscle and endurance training using an individualized training device on pulmonary function and exercise capacity in stroke patients. Medical Science Monitor, 20, 2543-2549. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.891112
Muthusamy, S., Ambusam, S., & Balasubramanian, K. (2021). Effects of Individualized Training and Respiratory Muscle Training in Improving Swimming Performance Among Collegiate Swimmers - an Experimental Study. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 9(March-2021), S182-S186.
Nepomuceno Júnior, B. R. V., Gómez, T. B., & Gomes Neto, M. (2016). Use of Powerbreathe® in inspiratory muscle training for athletes: systematic review. Fisioterapia Em Movimento, 29(4), 821-830. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5918.029.004.ao19
Amaro, N. M., Marinho, D. A., Marques, M. C., Batalha, N. P., & Morouço, P. G. (2017). Effects of Dry-Land Strength and Conditioning Programs in Age Group Swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(9). https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2017/09000/Effects_of_Dry_Land_Strength_and_Conditioning.13.aspx
Vašíčková, J., Neumannová, K., & Svozil, Z. (2017). The effect of respiratory muscle training on fin-swimmers’ performance. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 16(4), 521.
Kilding, A. E., Brown, S., & McConnell, A. K. (2010). Inspiratory muscle training improves 100 and 200 m swimming performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(3), 505-511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1228-x
Szczepan, S., Danek, N., Michalik, K., Wróblewska, Z., & Zatoń, K. (2020). Influence of a Six-Week Swimming Training with Added Respiratory Dead Space on Respiratory Muscle Strength and Pulmonary Function in Recreational Swimmers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16), 5743.
Held, H. E., & Pendergast, D. R. (2014). The effects of respiratory muscle training on respiratory mechanics and energy cost. Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology, 200, 7-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2014.05.002
Wallace, L., Coutts, A., Bell, J., Simpson, N., & Slattery, K. (2008). Using session-RPE to monitor training load in swimmers. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 30(6), 72-76. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e31818eed5f
Pareek, R. P., & Modak, P. (2013). The Effect of Swimming on Pulmonary Function in Healthy Student Population. International Educational E-Journal, 2(4), 31-36.
Cunha, M., Mendes, F., Paciência, I., Rodolfo, A., Carneiro-Leão, L., Rama, T., Rufo, J., Delgado, L., & Moreira, A. (2019). The effect of inspiratory muscle training on swimming performance, inspiratory muscle strength, lung function, and perceived breathlessness in elite swimmers: a randomized controlled trial. Porto Biomedical Journal, 4(6), e49. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000049
Sable, M., Vaidya, S. M., & Sable, S. S. (2012). Comparative study of lung functions in swimmers and runners. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 56(1), 100-104.
Hess, H., & Hostler, D. (2018). Respiratory muscle training effects on performance in hypo- and hyperbaria. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance, 89(11), 996-1001. https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.5138.2018
Bougault, V., & Boulet, L. P. (2012). Airway dysfunction in swimmers. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(6), 402-406. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090821
HajGhanbari, B., Yamabayashi, C., Buna, T. R., Coelho, J. D., Freedman, K. D., Morton, T. A., Palmer, S. A., Toy, M. A., Walsh, C., Sheel, A. W., & Reid, W. D. (2013). Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training on Performance in Athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(6), 1643-1663. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e318269f73f
Illi, S. K., Held, U., Frank, I., & Spengler, C. M. (2012). Effect of respiratory muscle training on exercise performance in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In Sports Medicine (Vol. 42, Issue 8). https://doi.org/10.2165/11631670-000000000-00000
Lemaitre, F., Coquart, J. B., Chavallard, F., Castres, I., Mucci, P., Costalat, G., & Chollet, D. (2013). Effect of additional respiratory muscle endurance training in young well-trained swimmers. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 12(4), 630-638.
Grant, M. C. (2017). Land Based Resistance Training and Youth Swimming Performance. International Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine, 3(4), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.23937/2469-5718/1510064
Sadowski, J., Mastalerz, A., Gromisz, W., & Niźnikowski, T. (2012). Effectiveness of the power dry-land training programmes in youth swimmers. Journal of Human Kinetics, 32(1), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0025-5
Wells, G. D., Plyley, M., Thomas, S., Goodman, L., & Duffin, J. (2005). Effects of concurrent inspiratory and expiratory muscle training on respiratory and exercise performance in competitive swimmers. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 94(5-6), 527-540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-005-1375-7
Witt, J. D., Guenette, J. A., Rupert, J. L., Mckenzie, D. C., & Sheel, A. W. (2007). Inspiratory muscle training attenuates the human respiratory muscle metaboreflex. Journal of Physiology, 584(3), 1019-1028. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.140855
Wylegala, J. A., Pendergast, D. R., Gosselin, L. E., Warkander, D. E., & Lundgren, C. E. G. (2007). Respiratory muscle training improves swimming endurance in divers. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 99(4), 393-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-006-0359-6
Bağıran, Y., Dağlıoğlu, Ö., & Bostancı, Ö. (2019). The effect of respiratory muscle training on aerobic power and respiratory parameters in swimmers. Uluslararası Spor Egzersiz ve Antrenman Bilimi Dergisi, 5(4), 214-220.
Espinosa-Mendez, C. M., Renero-Carrillo, F. J., San Martin-Rodriguez, S. L., & Flores-Chico, B. (2021). The effect of respiratory muscle training on the maximum oxygen consumption and the anaerobic threshold. Sport Mont, 18(1), 57-60. https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.201010
Ren-Jay Shei (2018). Recent advancements in our understanding of the ergogenic effect of respiratory muscle training in healthy humans: a systematic review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(9), 2665-2676. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002730
Wilson, E. E., McKeever, T. M., Lobb, C., Sherriff, T., Gupta, L., Hearson, G., Martin, N., Lindley, M. R., & Shaw, D. E. (2014). Respiratory muscle specific warm-up and elite swimming performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(9), 789-791. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092523
Menezes, K. K. P., Nascimento, L. R., Ada, L., Polese, J. C., Avelino, P. R., & Teixeira-Salmela, L. F. (2016). Respiratory muscle training increases respiratory muscle strength and reduces respiratory complications after stroke: A systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 62(3), 138-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2016.05.014
Kim, J., Park, J. H., & Yim, J. (2014). Effects of respiratory muscle and endurance training using an individualized training device on pulmonary function and exercise capacity in stroke patients. Medical Science Monitor, 20, 2543-2549. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.891112
Muthusamy, S., Ambusam, S., & Balasubramanian, K. (2021). Effects of Individualized Training and Respiratory Muscle Training in Improving Swimming Performance Among Collegiate Swimmers - an Experimental Study. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 9(March-2021), S182-S186.
Nepomuceno Júnior, B. R. V., Gómez, T. B., & Gomes Neto, M. (2016). Use of Powerbreathe® in inspiratory muscle training for athletes: systematic review. Fisioterapia Em Movimento, 29(4), 821-830. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5918.029.004.ao19
Amaro, N. M., Marinho, D. A., Marques, M. C., Batalha, N. P., & Morouço, P. G. (2017). Effects of Dry-Land Strength and Conditioning Programs in Age Group Swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(9). https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2017/09000/Effects_of_Dry_Land_Strength_and_Conditioning.13.aspx
Vašíčková, J., Neumannová, K., & Svozil, Z. (2017). The effect of respiratory muscle training on fin-swimmers’ performance. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 16(4), 521.
Kilding, A. E., Brown, S., & McConnell, A. K. (2010). Inspiratory muscle training improves 100 and 200 m swimming performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(3), 505-511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1228-x
Szczepan, S., Danek, N., Michalik, K., Wróblewska, Z., & Zatoń, K. (2020). Influence of a Six-Week Swimming Training with Added Respiratory Dead Space on Respiratory Muscle Strength and Pulmonary Function in Recreational Swimmers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16), 5743.
Held, H. E., & Pendergast, D. R. (2014). The effects of respiratory muscle training on respiratory mechanics and energy cost. Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology, 200, 7-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2014.05.002
Wallace, L., Coutts, A., Bell, J., Simpson, N., & Slattery, K. (2008). Using session-RPE to monitor training load in swimmers. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 30(6), 72-76. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e31818eed5f
Downloads
Published
2022-11-30
How to Cite
Muthusamy, S., Balasubramanian, K., Subramaniam, A., & Balasubramnaiyam, A. (2022). Effects of Individualized Training and Respiratory Muscle Training on Pulmonary Function among Collegiate Swimmers: an Experimental Study. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 22(3s), S64-S70. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.3s.09
Issue
Section
Original Scientific Articles
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
