Effectiveness of Telerehabilitation on Hamstring Flexibility in Healthy Adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.2.12Keywords:
exercise, hamstring muscle, telerehabilitation, muscle stretching, flexibilityAbstract
Background. Telerehabilitation used as an exercise method has become increasingly common in recent years. Various methods have been used to increase hamstring flexibility, but more research is required on the optimal program.
The study purpose was to investigate the effect of hamstring stretching exercises given as telerehabilitation and home exercise program on hamstring flexibility.
Materials and methods. Sixty-eight healthy adults were randomly assigned to two groups, namely telerehabilitation and home exercise. Exercises were performed for 8 weeks (4 sessions/week) in both groups. Active and passive range of motion (ROM), sit and reach test (SRT), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were conducted in the pre- and post-intervention and after a 6-month period.
Results. At the end of 8 weeks, a significant improvement was observed in the SRT scores in both the telerehabilitation group (p = 0.001) and the home exercise group (p = 0.001). In addition, significant improvements were observed in the passive ROM measurements of both the telerehabilitation group (p = 0.005) and the home exercise group (p = 0.001). At the end of 8 weeks, the telerehabilitation group was found to be significantly superior to the home exercise group in the SRT results (p = 0.034). As for the long-term results, significant improvement was maintained in both SRT (p = 0.001) and passive ROM (p = 0.014) in the telerehabilitation group.
Conclusions. Eight-week telerehabilitation and home exercise program was observed to have positive effects on passive and active ROM. The telerehabilitation method may prove to be more effective than the home exercise method in the long term.
Downloads
References
Medeiros, D. M., Cini, A., Sbruzzi, G., & Lima, C. S. (2016). Influence of static stretching on hamstring flexibility in healthy young adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 32(6), 438-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2016.1204401
Lempke, L., Wilkinson, R., Murray, C., & Stanek, J. (2018). The effectiveness of PNF versus static stretching on increasing hip-flexion range of motion. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 27(3), 289-294. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2016-00984
Matsuo, S., Iwata, M., Miyazaki, M., Fukaya, T., Yamanaka, E., Nagata, et al. (2019). Changes in flexibility and force are not different after static versus dynamic stretching. Sports Medicine International Open, 03(03), 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1001-1993
Opplertid, J., Paizis, C., Papitsa, A., Blazevich, A. J., Cometti, C., & Babault, N. (2020). Static stretchand dynamic muscle activity induce acute similar increase in corticospinal excitability. PLoS ONE, 15(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230388
Demoulin, C., Wolfs, S., Chevalier, M., Granado, C., Grosdent, S., Depas, et al. (2016). A comparison of two stretching programs for hamstring muscles: A randomized controlled assessor-blinded study. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 32(1), 53-62. https://doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2015.10915332
Shamsi, M., Mirzaei, M., Shahsavari, S., Safari, A., & Saeb, M. (2020). Modeling the effect of static stretching and strengthening exercise in lengthened position on balance in low back pain subject with shortened hamstring: A randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 21(1), 809. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03823-z
O’Sullivan, K., Murray, E., & Sainsbury, D. (2009). The effect of warm-up, static stretching and dynamic stretching on hamstring flexibility in previously injured subjects. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 10(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-10-37
Martin, R. L., Cibulka, M. T., Bolgla, L. A., Koc, T. A., Loudon, J. K., Manske, R. C., et al. (2022). Hamstring strain injury in athletes. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 52(3), 1-44. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2022.0301
Hamadi, H. Y., Zhao, M., Haley, D. R., Dunn, A., Paryani, S., & Spaulding, A. (2022). Medicare and telehealth: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 28(1), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.13634
Syamsul Taufik, M., Solahuddin, S., Pratama, R., Iskandar, T., & Ridlo, A. (2021). The Effect of Virtual Media-Based Obstacle Run Training on Woman Futsal Player’s Dribbling Ability During Covid-19 Pandemic. Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ, 21(4), 299-303. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2021.4.02
Middleton, A., Simpson, K. N., Bettger, J. P., & Bowden, M. G. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: considerations and costs of telehealth exercise programs for older adults with functional impairments living at home-lessons learned from a pilot case study. Physical Therapy, 100(8), 1278-1288. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa089
Ayala, F., Sainz de Baranda, P., De Ste Croix, M., & Santonja, F. (2012). Reproducibility and criterion-related validity of the sit and reach test and toe touch test for estimating hamstring flexibility in recreationally active young adults. Physical Therapy in Sport, 13(4), 219-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.11.001
Saglam, M., Arikan, H., Savci, S., Inal-Ince, D., Bosnak-Guclu, M., Karabulut, E., et al. (2010). International physical activity questionnaire: Reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 111(1), 278-284. https://doi.org/10.2466/06.08.PMS.111.4.278-284
Cho, M., & Kim, J. Y. (2017). Changes in physical fitness and body composition according to the physical activities of Korean adolescents. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 13(5), 568-572. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1735132.566
Ayala, F., & de Baranda Andújar, P. S. (2010). Effect of 3 different active stretch durations on hip flexion range of motion. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(2), 430-436. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c0674f
Takeuchi, K., & Nakamura, M. (2020). Influence of high intensity 20-second static stretching on the flexibility and strength of hamstrings. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 19(2), 429-435.
Knudson, D. (2006). The Biomechanics of stretching. Journal of Exercise Science & Physiotherapy, 2(August), 3-12.
Cini, A., De Vasconcelos, G. S., & Lima, C. S. (2017). Acute effect of different time periods of passive static stretching on the hamstring flexibility. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 30(2), 241-246. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-160740
Davis, D. S., Ashby, P. E., McCale, K. L., McQuain, J. A., & Wine, J. M. (2005). The effectiveness of 3 stretching techniques on hamstring flexibility using consistent stretching parameters. Journal Of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(1), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1519/14273.1
LaRoche, D. P., & Connolly, D. A. (2006). Effects of stretching on passive muscle tension and response to eccentric exercise. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(6), 1000-1007. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546505284238
Sainz de Baranda, P., & Ayala, F. (2010). Chronic flexibility improvement after 12 week of stretching program utilizing the ACSM recommendations: hamstring flexibility. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(6), 389-396. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1249082
Chan, S. P., Hong, Y., & Robinson, P. D. (2001). Flexibility and passive resistance of the hamstrings of young adults using two different static stretching protocols. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 11(2), 81-86. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2001.011002081
Ayala, F., Sainz de Baranda, P., De Ste Croix, M., & Santonja, F. (2013). Comparison of active stretching technique in males with normal and limited hamstring flexibility. Physical Therapy in Sport, 14(2), 98-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2012.03.013
Borman, N. P., Trudelle-Jackson, E., & Smith, S. S. (2011). Effect of stretch positions on hamstring muscle length, lumbar flexion range of motion, and lumbar curvature in healthy adults. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 27(2), 146-154. https://doi.org/10.3109/09593981003703030
Meroni, R., Cerri, C. G., Lanzarini, C., Barindelli, G., Morte, G. Della, et al. (2010). Comparison of active stretching technique and static stretching technique on hamstring flexibility. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 20(1), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181c96722
Fasen, J. M., O’Connor, A. M., Schwartz, S. L., Watson, J. O., Plastaras, C. T., Garvan, et al. (2009). A randomized controlled trial of hamstring stretching: Comparison of four techniques. Journal Of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(2), 660-667. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318198fbd1
De Menezes, K. K. P., Ada, L., Teixeira-Salmela, L. F., Scianni, A. A., Avelino, et al. (2021). Home-Based interventions may increase recruitment, adherence, and measurement of outcomes in clinical trials of stroke rehabilitation. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 30(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106022
Lawford, B. J., Delany, C., Bennell, K. L., & Hinman, R. S. (2018). “I was really sceptical... But it worked really well”: a qualitative study of patient perceptions of telephone-delivered exercise therapy by physiotherapists for people with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 26(6), 741-750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.02.909
Hasani, F., Malliaras, P., Haines, T., Munteanu, S. E., White, J., Ridgway, et al. (2021). Telehealth sounds a bit challenging, but it has potential: participant and physiotherapist experiences of gym-based exercise intervention for Achilles tendinopathy monitored via telehealth. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 22(1), 138. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03907-w
Mönninghoff, A., Kramer, J. N., Hess, A. J., Ismailova, K., Teepe, G. W., Tudor Car, et al. (2021). Long-term effectiveness of mHealth physical activity interventions: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal Of Medical Internet Research, 23(4), e26699. https://doi.org/10.2196/26699
Stork, M. J., Bell, E. G., & Jung, M. E. (2021). Examining the impact of a mobile health app on functional movement and physical fitness: pilot pragmatic randomized controlled trial. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9(5), e24076. https://doi.org/10.2196/24076
Kuldavletova, O., Pasquier, F., Bigot, L., Langeard, A., Gauthier, A., & Quarck, G. (2021). Videoconference-Based adapted physical exercise training is a good and safe option for seniors. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 18(18), 9439. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189439
Ozer, A. Y., Kapsigay, B., Şenocak, E., Karaca, S., Tanhan, A., Elma, H., et al. (2021). Effectiveness of different exercise programs in individuals with non-specific neck pain: telerehabilitation, given with synchronous exercises versus home-based exercise. Sports Medicine Journal / Medicina Sportivâ, 17(2), 3327-3335.
Dias, J. F., Oliveira, V. C., Borges, P. R. T., Dutra, F. C. M. S., Mancini, M. C., Kirkwood, et al. (2021). Effectiveness of exercises by telerehabilitation on pain, physical function and quality of life in people with physical disabilities: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials with GRADE recommendations. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(3), 155-162.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101375
Barbosa, G. M., Trajano, G. S., Dantas, G., Silva, B. R., & Vieira, W. (2020). Chronic effects of static and dynamic stretching on hamstrings eccentric strength and functional performance: a randomized controlled trial. Journal Of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(7), 2031-2039. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003080
Medeiros, D. M., Cini, A., Sbruzzi, G., & Lima, C. S. (2016). Influence of static stretching on hamstring flexibility in healthy young adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 32(6), 438-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2016.1204401
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).