Understanding the Relationship between Self-esteem and Motor Creativity in Ecological PE Contexts at Adolescence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2026.1.09Keywords:
creativity, physical education, motor performance, self-esteem, adolescentsAbstract
Background. In current studies, it is generally admitted that creativity is an important asset in performing in sports and Physical Education (PE). Based on the multivariate framework, authors have also investigated the influence of motivation, intelligence and cognitive abilities on creative motor performance. However, data surrounding self-esteem and its association with motor performance in ecological domains is scant.
Objectives. This study aimed to understand the relationship between self-esteem and motor creativity, focusing on ecological motor contexts in PE at adolescence.
Materials and Methods. The experiment population comprised three groups of 20 children in total (N= 60), with 31 girls and 29 boys aged 12 years old. First, self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), which demonstrated excellent internal consistency in the sample (Cronbach’s α = .94). Subsequently, participants engaged in a 20 minute ecological game task called “Sitting ball”. Rooted in the multivariate framework, the study measured motor fluency and flexibility by using praxic communication as key indicators of creativity. Once the data was gathered, a factorial analysis was put into place using the Trideux.cloud tool to establish the relationship between self-esteem and motor creativity.
Results. The factorial map indicates that self-esteem levels are correlated to motor creativity scores in ecological situations. Analysis conducted at the individual level (N = 60) using a Pearson correlation calculation confirmed these results, associating self-esteem and ecological motor creativity positively with r = .734. Moreover, the findings are statistically significant as the 95% confidence intervals (CI) for self-esteem were between 21.55–25.81 and 48.43–57.90for ecological motor creativity. The intervals are sufficiently narrow to indicate good precision of the estimated means and results.
Conclusions. This study revealed that creative motor abilities seem to be highly related to self-esteem. Low self-esteem levels tend to be strongly linked to weaker motor creativity performances and strong self-esteem levels relate to increased motor creativity. The present novel ecological framework underlines the pedagogical importance of assessing and understanding such intrapersonal characteristics in order to favor motor development and well-being in PE.
Downloads
References
Büning, C., Jürgens, L., & Lausberg, H. (2020). Divergent learning experiences in sports enhance cognitive executive functions and creativity in students. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 26(4), 402–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1812056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1812056
Oboeuf, A., Nefil, I., & Buffet, J. (2024). La pratique des jeux traditionnels : Un enjeu pour le développement de la créativité ? Revue Corps, (22), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.3917/corp1.022.0103
Runco, M. A., & Jaeger, G. J. (2012). The standard definition of creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 24(1), 92–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2012.650092 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2012.650092
Hatchuel, A., & Weil, B. (2009). C-K theory: A new framework for design reasoning. European Journal of Operational Research, 197(2), 634–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2008.05.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2008.05.001
Zhang, Y., Zhou, X., & Lu, J. (2020). Cognitive flexibility and creative performance in physical activity contexts. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 513. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00513 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00513
Oboeuf, A., Henneton, S., Buffet, J., Fantoni, C., & Labiadh, L. (2020). Influence of traditional sporting games on the development of creative skills in team sports: The case of football. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.611803 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.611803
Besançon, M., & Lubart, T. (2011). Differences in the development of creative competencies in children schooled in diverse learning environments. Learning and Individual Differences, 21(5), 569–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2011.04.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2011.04.007
Memmert, D. (2015). Teaching tactical creativity in sport: Research and practice. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315797618
Lubart, T., & Besançon, M. (2015). La créativité de l’enfant. Mardaga. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14375/NP.9782804701987
Bonnardel, N., Girandola, F., Bonetto, E., & Lubart, T. (2023). La créativité en situations, théories et applications. Dunod. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/dunod.bonna.2023.01.0025
Kokkonen, J., Yli-Piipari, S., & Quay, J. (2018). Effectiveness of a creative physical education intervention on elementary school students’ leisure-time physical activity motivation and overall physical activity in Finland. European Physical Education Review, 25(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X18775009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X18775009
Versace, R., Brouillet, D., & Vallet, G. (2018). Cognition incarnée: Une cognition située et projetée (Collection PSY-théories, débats, synthèses). Mardaga. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/mard.valle.2018.01
Harter, S. (2015). The construction of the self: Developmental and sociocultural foundations. Guilford Publications.
Kaufman, J. C., & Baer, J. (2005). The amusement park theory of creativity. In J. C. Kaufman & J. Baer (Eds.), Creativity across domains: Faces of the muse (pp. 321–328). Lawrence Erlbaum. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410611925
Rubeli, B., Oswald, E., Conzelmann, A., Schmid, J., Valkanover, S., & Schmidt, M. (2020). Promoting schoolchildren’s self-esteem in physical education: Testing the effectiveness of a five-month teacher training. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 25, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1712348 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1712348
Rinaldi, R. (2023). La cognition incarnée ou quand la pensée vient du corps. Sciences Humaines, Hors-série 14, 28–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/sh.hs14.0028
Bailey, R. (2006). Physical education and sport in schools: A review of benefits and outcomes. Journal of School Health, 76, 397–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00132.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00132.x
Schaffhauser, K., Allemand, M., & Schwarz, B. (2017). The development of self-representations during the transition to early adolescence: The role of gender, puberty, and school transition. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 37, 774–804. https://doi.org/10.1177/02724316156248 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431615624841
Barbot, B. (2018). Creativity and self-esteem in adolescence: A study of their domain-specific, multivariate relationships. Journal of Creative Behavior, 54. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.365 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.365
Deng, X.-P., & Zhang, X.-K. (2011). Understanding the relationship between self-esteem and creativity: A meta-analysis. Advances in Psychological Science, 19, 645–651. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1042.2011.00645
Palmiero, M., Nori, R., Piccardi, L., & D’Amico, S. (2019). Creativity and its multifaceted nature: A multivariate framework. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1588. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01588 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01500
Barbot, B., & Lubart, T. (2012). Adolescence, créativité et transformation de soi. Enfance, 299–312. https://doi.org/10.3917/enf1.123.0299 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4074/S0013754512003059
Barbot, B., & Heuser, B. (2017). Creativity and identity formation in adolescence: A developmental perspective. In M. Karwowski & J. C. Kaufman (Eds.), The creative self: Effect of beliefs, self-efficacy, mindset, and identity (pp. 87–98). Academic Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809790-8.00005-4
Scharmann, G. (2011). Rejets d’école à l’adolescence. Enfances & Psy, 52(3), 78–88. https://doi.org/10.3917/ep.052.0078 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/ep.052.0078
Rothenberg, A. (1990). Creativity in adolescence. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 13, 415–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-953X(18)30351-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-953X(18)30351-4
Fakhrou, A., & Ghareeb, S. (2020). Habits of mind and their relationship with creativity among students of excellent academic achievement at Qatar university during the covid 19 crisis. International Journal of Education, 12(4), 73-92. https://doi.org/10.5296/ije.v12i4.18047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/ije.v12i4.18047
Barker, D., Larsson, H., & Nyberg, G. (2023). How movement habits become relevant in novel learning situations. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 43. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2022-0272 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2022-0272
Noordstar, J., Van der Net, J., Jak, S., & Helders, P. (2016). Global self-esteem, perceived athletic competence, and physical activity in children: A longitudinal cohort study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.06.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.06.009
Baumeister, R. F., Tice, D. M., & Vohs, K. D. (2018). The strength model of self-regulation: Conclusions from the second decade of willpower research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 141–145. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617716946 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617716946
Orth, U., & Robins, R. W. (2022). Is high self-esteem beneficial? Revisiting a classic question. American Psychologist, 77(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000922 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000922
Parlebas, P. (1999). Jeux, sports et sociétés. INSEP Éditions. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/books.insep.1067
Lee, Y.-S., Iodice, P., & Komar, J. (2023). Creativity is contextual: A narrative review of motor creativity tests from an ecological perspective. Motor Control, 27(4), 717–735. https://doi.org/10.1123/mc.2022-0092 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/mc.2022-0092
Bournelli, P., Makri, A., & Mylonas, K. (2009). Motor creativity and self-concept. Creativity Research Journal, 21(2–3), 104–110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410802633657
Bertsch, J. (1983). La créativité motrice. Revue EPS, 181, 46–48.
Guilford, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. McGraw-Hill.
Torrance, E. P. (1981). Empirical validation of criterion-referenced indicators of creative ability through a longitudinal study. Creative Child & Adult Quarterly, 6(3), 136–140.
Mendez-Martinez, E., & Fernandez-Rio, J. (2019). Design and validation of an instrument to assess motor creativity in adolescents. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, 19, 535–550.
Bordes, P. (2020). Communications par gestes et pratiques sportives. Analyse des codes gestémiques. STAPS, 127(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.3917/sta.127.0045 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/sta.127.0045
Beghetto, R. A. (2010). Creativity in the classroom. In J. C. Kaufman & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of creativity (pp. 447–463). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511763205.027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511763205.027
Clemente, F. M., Martins, F. M. L., & Mendes, R. S. (2016). Developing creative and tactical behavior in team sports: A constraint-led approach. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 11(3), 340–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954116642223
Coutts, A. J. (2014). Evolution of football match analysis research. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(20), 1829–1830. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.985450 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.985450
Furley, P., & Memmert, D. (2018). The role of working memory in sport. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(1), 171–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2016.1244206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2010.526238
Oboeuf, A., Nefil, I., & Buffet, J. (2024). La pratique des jeux traditionnels : Un enjeu pour le développement de la créativité ? Revue Corps, (22), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.3917/corp1.022.0103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/corp1.022.0103
Hafekost, K., Boterhoven de Haan, K., Lawrence, D., Sawyer, M. G., & Zubrick, S. R. (2017). Validation of the adolescent self-esteem questionnaire: Technical report. Telethon Kids Institute and the Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867415617836 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867415617836
Jurado Cárdenas, D., Jurado Cárdenas, S., López, K., & Querevalú, B. (2015). Validez de la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg en universitarios de la Ciudad de México. Revista Latinoamericana de Medicina Conductual, 5(1), 18–22.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400876136
Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. Basic Books.
Gnambs, T., Scharl, A., & Schroeders, U. (2018). The structure of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale: A cross-cultural meta-analysis. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 226, 14–29. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000317 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000317
Obœuf, A., Gérard, B., Lech, A., & Collard, L. (2010). Empathie socio-affective et empathie sociomotrice dans deux jeux sportifs : Le football et la « balle assise ». Les Cahiers Internationaux de Psychologie Sociale, 86(2), 297–320. https://doi.org/10.3917/cips.086.0297 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/cips.086.0297
Vigneron, C. (2004). La construction des inégalités de réussite en EPS au bac entre filles et garçons (Doctoral dissertation). Université de Bourgogne, UFR Sciences humaines, IREDU.
Oboeuf, A., & Frachey, T. (2025). Assessing socio-motor creativity in team sports: An ecological framework for identifying creative potential. Gifted Education International. https://doi.org/10.1177/02614294251379617 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/02614294251379617
Oboeuf, A., Collard, L., & Buffet, J. (2022). Exploration des systèmes de signes dans quatre jeux sportifs : Analyse comparative du football, du handball, de la balle assise et du jeu des trois camps. Semiotica, (248), 53–75. https://doi.org/10.1515/sem-2022-0083 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/sem-2022-0083
Márquez Jiménez, D., & Martínez de Santos, R. (2014). Fiabilidad y validez de instrumentos de observación en ciencias del deporte. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 25, 68–72.
Cibois, P. (2018). Prendre les données au sérieux et rêver d’une sociologie autre. Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique, 137(1), 70–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0759106318761474 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0759106318761474
Clarke, I., McEnery, T., & Brooks, G. (2021). Multiple correspondence analysis, newspaper discourse and subregister: A case study of discourses of Islam in the British press. Register Studies, 3(1), 144–171. https://doi.org/10.1075/rs.20024.cla DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/rs.20024.cla
Ruiz-Ariza, A., Suarez-Manzano, S., & Martinez-Lopez, E. (2017). The effect of cooperative high-intensity interval training on creativity and emotional intelligence in secondary school: A randomised controlled trial. European Physical Education Review, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X17739271 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X17739271
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Thomas Frachey, Alexandre Oboeuf, Luc Collard

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

