The Effects of Ladder Drill and Plyometric Training on Agility in Futsal Players Considering Body Mass Index
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.4.17Keywords:
agility, ladder drill, plyometric training, body mass index, motor coordinationAbstract
Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ladder drills and plyometric training on agility among futsal players, considering their Body Mass Index (BMI) classifications.
Materials and methods. Twenty male futsal athletes from Vamos Academy Padang participated in the study and were divided into two groups based on their BMI (high BMI and low BMI groups). Each BMI group was assigned to either ladder drill or plyometric training interventions for six weeks. Agility was assessed using the Illinois Agility Test before and after the intervention. Data analysis included paired and independent t-tests, as well as two-way ANOVA, to evaluate group differences.
Results. Both training interventions significantly improved agility performance (p < .05). However, ladder drill training resulted in greater enhancement of agility when compared with plyometric training across all BMI classifications. Moreover, athletes in the low BMI group showed more marked improvements than those in the high BMI group. A significant interaction was found between training type and BMI classification, indicating that body composition influences the effectiveness of agility training programs.
Conclusions. Ladder drill training was more effective than plyometric training for enhancing agility in futsal players, particularly those with a lower BMI. These findings suggest that coaches should consider athletes’ BMI when designing agility training programs to optimize performance outcomes.
Downloads
References
Ilham, I., Alsyifa Putra, R., Agus, A., Bafirman, B., Arsil, A., Bahtra, R., Kurniawan, R., Ndayisenga, J., & Sibomana, A. (2024). The Effect of Combination of Cone Drill (Zigzag) with Core Stability, Combination of Ladder Drill (Snake Jump) with Core Stability, and Speed on Agility of Futsal Players: A Factorial Experimental Design. Retos, 58, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.105462 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.105462
Setyawan, D. B., & Peking, I. M. (2023). Relationship Between Agility and Speed on Futsal Dribbling. Athena: Physical Education and Sports Journal, 1(2), 77-84. https://doi.org/10.56773/athena.v1i2.12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56773/athena.v1i2.12
Komang Ari Selin, Ni Komang Ayu Juni Antari, I Wayan Sugiritama, & M. Widnyana. (2024). The relationship between agility and dribbling skills among futsal players. Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia, 5(1), 77-80. https://doi.org/10.51559/ptji.v5i1.195 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51559/ptji.v5i1.195
Hung, C. L., Hung, M. H., Chang, C. Y., Wang, H. H., Ho, C. S., & Lin, K. C. (2020). Influences of Lateral Jump Smash Actions in Different Situations on the Lower Extremity Load of Badminton Players. Journal of sports science & medicine, 19(2), 264-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2020-0002
Ripoll, R., & Genevois, C. (2022). Forehand footwork variability in the attacking situation at elite level. ITF Coaching & Sport Science Review, 30(88), 22-24. https://doi.org/10.52383/itfcoaching.v30i88.356 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52383/itfcoaching.v30i88.356
Malwanage, K., Senadheera, V., & Dassanayake, T. (2022). Effect of balance training on footwork performance in badminton: An interventional study. PLOS ONE, 17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277775 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277775
Trecroci, A., Cavaggioni, L., Rossi, A., Moriondo, A., Merati, G., Nobari, H., Ardigò, L., & Formenti, D. (2022). Effects of speed, agility and quickness training programme on cognitive and physical performance in preadolescent soccer players. PLOS ONE, 17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277683 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277683
Carvutto, R., Damasco, C., & De Candia, M. (2021). Non-traditional training in youth soccer players: Effects on agility and on sprint performance. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise- 2021 - Spring Conferences of Sports Science. https://doi.org/10.14198/JHSE.2021.16.PROC4.13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.16.Proc4.13
Kováčiková, Z., & Zemková, E. (2020). The Effect of Agility Training Performed in the Form of Competitive Exercising on Agility Performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 92, 271-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2020.1724862 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2020.1724862
Rasyid, M., Wiriawan, O., Siantoro, G., Kusuma, D., & Rusdiawan, A. (2023). Combination of plyometric and ladder drill: Its impact on improving speed, agility, and leg muscle power in badminton. Jurnal SPORTIF : Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran, 9(2), 290-309. https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v9i2.20468 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v9i2.20468
Dave, V., & Singh, A. (2024). Comparison of Ladder Training Versus Plyometric Training on Agility & Speed among Vadodara Cricket Players: An Experimental Study. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal, 18(2024), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.37506/2k9fk365
Prakash, K. V. S., Sadvika, P. D., & Chakravarthi, C. A. (2021). Effectiveness of Ladder Training Versus Plyometric Training Program on Agility in Kabaddi Players. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 11(11), 320-334. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20211138
Pramono, H., Rahayu, T., & Yudhistira, D. (2023). The Effect of Plyometrics Exercise through Agility Ladder Drill on Improving Physical Abilities of 13–15-Year-Old Volleyball Players. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 23(2), 199-206. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2023.2.07 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2023.2.07
Liu, X. (2023). Influence of Ladder Traınıng on Motor Coordınatıon in Basketball Players. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte, 29. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0660 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0660
Maulidia Risma Hanani, Primayanti, I. D. A. I., & Lesmana, S. I. (2024). The Effect Propioceptive Training on Ladder Drill Training Variation on Dynamic Balance of Futsal Players. International Journal of Public Health Excellence (IJPHE), 4(1), 197-203. https://doi.org/10.55299/ijphe.v4i1.1054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55299/ijphe.v4i1.1054
Uehara, K., Togo, H., & Hanakawa, T. (2023). Precise motor rhythmicity relies on motor network responsivity. Cerebral Cortex, 33(8), 4432-4447. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac353 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac353
Wang, K.-P., Frank, C., Hung, T.-M., & Schack, T. (2023). Neurofeedback training: Decreases in Mu rhythm lead to improved motor performance in complex visuomotor skills. Current Psychology, 42(24), 20860-20871. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03190-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03190-z
Song, S., Kidziński, Ł., Peng, X., Ong, C., Hicks, J., Levine, S., Atkeson, C., & Delp, S. (2020). Deep reinforcement learning for modeling human locomotion control in neuromechanical simulation. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00919-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.11.246801
Pandoyo, P., Indraswari, D., Marijo, M., & Bakhtiar, Y. (2020). The Effect of Plyometrıcs Traınıng on Explosıve Power of Medıcal Students in Dıponegoro Unıversıty. Dıponegoro Medıcal Journal (Jurnal Kedokteran Dıponegoro), 9(3), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.14710/DMJ.V9I3.27495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/dmj.v9i3.27495
Huang, H., Huang, W.-Y., & Wu, C.-E. (2023). The Effect of Plyometric Training on the Speed, Agility, and Explosive Strength Performance in Elite Athletes. Applied Sciences, 13(6), 3605. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063605 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063605
Wang, X., Lv, C., Qin, X., Ji, S., & Dong, D. (2023). Effectiveness of plyometric training vs. complex training on the explosive power of lower limbs: A Systematic review. Frontiers in Physiology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1061110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1061110
Duchateau, J., & Amiridis, I. (2023). Plyometric Exercises: Optimizing the Transfer of Training Gains to Sport Performance. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 51, 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000320
Roy, K., & Debnath, D. (2023). Basic concepts of plyometric training in soccer players. Indian Journal of Physical Therapy and Research, 5, 208-212. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijptr.ijptr_52_23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijptr.ijptr_52_23
Khan, Dr. A. A. (2023). Effect of plyometrics exercises on cardio-vascular efficiency and playing ability of badminton players. Journal of Sports Science and Nutrition, 4(1), 175-178. https://doi.org/10.33545/27077012.2023.v4.i1c.168 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/27077012.2023.v4.i1c.168
Hasan, S. (2023). Effects of plyometric vs. strength training on strength, sprint, and functional performance in soccer players: a randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31375-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31375-4
Drouzas, V., Katsikas, C., Zafeiridis, A., Jamurtas, A., & Bogdanis, G. (2020). Unilateral Plyometric Training is Superior to Volume-Matched Bilateral Training for Improving Strength, Speed and Power of Lower Limbs in Preadolescent Soccer Athletes. Journal of Human Kinetics, 74, 161-176. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2020-0022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2020-0022
Prakash, K., Sadvika, P., & Chakravarthi, C. (2021). Effectiveness of Ladder Training Versus Plyometric Training Program on Agility in Kabaddi Players. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20211138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20211138
Prakash, K. V. S., Sadvika, P. D., & Chakravarthi, C. A. (2021). Effectiveness of Ladder Training Versus Plyometric Training Program on Agility in Kabaddi Players. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 11(11), 320-334. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20211138 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20211138
Bassa, E., Lola, A., Melliou, A., Prassa, M., Stavropoulou, G., & Ziogas, N. (2024). Agility Ladder Training Combined With Plyometric or Multi-directional Speed Drills: Short-Term Adaptations on Jump, Speed, and Change of Direction Performance in Young Female Volleyball Players. Pediatric exercise science, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2024-0024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2024-0024
Das, Dr. P. K. (2020). Improving lower limb muscle power, agility, and aerobic endurance in healthy adolescent boys through plyometric exercises and agility ladder drills. International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education, 5(1), 281-285. https://doi.org/10.22271/journalofsport.2020.v5.i1e.2789 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/journalofsport.2020.v5.i1e.2789
Musculoskeletal & Sports KSPR, KPGU, Vadodara, R. Dave, V., & Kumar Singh, A. (2024). Comparison of Ladder Training Versus Plyometric Training on Agility & Speed among Vadodara Cricket Players: An Experimental Study. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal, 18(2024), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.37506/2k9fk365 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37506/2k9fk365
Dave, V., & Singh, A. (2024). Comparison of Ladder Training Versus Plyometric Training on Agility & Speed among Vadodara Cricket Players: An Experimental Study. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal, 18(2024), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.37506/2k9fk365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37506/2k9fk365
Chen, X., Cui, J., Zhang, Y., & Peng, W. (2020). The association between BMI and health-related physical fitness among Chinese college students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08517-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08517-8
Qin, G., Qin, Y., & Liu, B. (2022). Association between BMI and health-related physical fitness: A cross-sectional study in Chinese high school students. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1047501. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1047501
Mendoza-Muñoz, M., Adsuar, J., Pérez-Gómez, J., Muñoz-Bermejo, L., García-Gordillo, M., & Carlos-Vivas, J. (2020). Influence of Body Composition on Physical Fitness in Adolescents. Medicine, 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56070328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56070328
Hidayat, M., Saraswati, P., Widnyana, M., & Kinandana, G. (2022). Correlatıon Between Body Mass Index Towards Agılıty Football Athletes in Melawı Regency. Sport and Fitness Journal, 10(3), 215. https://doi.org/10.24843/spj.2022.v10.i03.p06 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/spj.2022.v10.i03.p06
Patel, A. G., & Thakrar, G. (2024). Correlation of BMI with Agility and Balance in School Going Children. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 14(1), 38-42. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20240106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20240106
Fauziah, E., Nasrulloh, A., Putra, M., , F., & Januarsi, E. (2024). The Effect of Body Mass Index on Agility: A Perspective on Youth Volleyball Athletes Amateur. Internatıonal Journal of Multıdıscıplınary Research And Analysıs, 07(11). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i12-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i12-36
Arianti, D., Rossa, M., Putra, D., Utami, D., Riyono, A., Erfarenata, F., & Hakim, M. (2025). Comparison of Illinois Agility Test Results Between Normal and Overweight Body Mass Index in Basketball Extracurricular Members at SMAN 3 Surabaya. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 25(1), 2018-2022. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.1.0240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.1.0240
Baillot, A., Chaput, J., Prince, S., Romain, A., Colley, R., & Lang, J. (2022). Health associations with meeting the new Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines recommendations according to body mass index classes in Canadian adults. Health reports, 33(11), 3-15. https://doi.org/10.25318/82-003-x202201100001-eng.
Suorsa, K., Gupta, N., Leskinen, T., Andersen, L., Pasanen, J., Hettiarachchi, P., Johansson, P., Pentti, J., Vahtera, J., & Stenholm, S. (2023). Modifications of 24-h movement behaviors to prevent obesity in retirement: a natural experiment using compositional data analysis. International Journal of Obesity, 47, 922- 930. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-023-01326-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-023-01326-0
Ilham, Agus, A., Sugiyanto, F. X., Tirtawirya, D., Lumintuarso, R., Berhimpong, M. W., Alsyifa, R., Kurniawan, R., Effendi, R., Ayubi, N., Suud, A., Alben, C., Perdana, G. S., & Sazeli, M. (2024b). Comparative Analysis of Adaptations Progress in VO2max, Leg Power, and Agility among Male and Female Sports Science Students. Retos, 57, 245-257. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.107053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.107053
Sari, A. P., Rahmadhanti, R., Car, B., Pavlović, R., Ndayisenga, J., Prasetyo, T., & Kurniawan, R. (2025). Royal Jelly Potentially Reduces Oxidative Stress and Inflammation after Physical Activity : A Systematic Literarure Review. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health, XXVI, 1939-1954.
Padli, P., Prasetyo, T., Kurniawan, R., Putra, R. A., & Candra, O. (2024). The influence of environment and social interaction on the formation of athlete character: a descriptive study. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología Del Ejercicio y El Deporte, 19(4), 430-434.
Prasetyo, T., Kurniawan, R., Putra, R. A., & Candra, O. (2024). The Role of Sports in Preventing and Overcoming Problems During the Transition Period Case Study of Adolescents in Indonesia: Descriptive Study. Social Science and Humanities Journal (SSHJ), 8(07), 4477-4489. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18535/sshj.v8i07.1213 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18535/sshj.v8i07.1213
Selviani, I., Prasetyo, T., Kurniawan, R., Putra, R. A., Candra, O., & Rizal, Y. (2024). Activities and Involvement in Sports have a Significant Impact on Life: A Descriptive Analysis. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(8), 1926-1934. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.8080140 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.8080140
Ashar, A., Setijono, H., & Mintarto, E. (2021). The Effect of Unilateral and Bilateral Training Circuit with Ladder Drill and Plyometric Cone on Speed, Agility, Reaction and Balance of Elementary School Students in Indonesia. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(6), 1453-1459. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090642 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090642
Bassa, E., Lola, A., Melliou, A., Prassa, M., Stavropoulou, G., & Ziogas, N. (2024). Agility Ladder Training Combined With Plyometric or Multi-directional Speed Drills: Short-Term Adaptations on Jump, Speed, and Change of Direction Performance in Young Female Volleyball Players. Pediatric exercise science, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2024-0024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2024-0024
Sanrijaya, N., Wiriawan, O., & Wibowo, S. (2023). Increased Speed and Agility Through Ladder Drill Variations. COMPETITOR: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga, 15(2), 269. https://doi.org/10.26858/cjpko.v15i2.47333 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26858/cjpko.v15i2.47333
Saini, A., Dubey, B., & Vishwakarma, R. (2025). Ascertaining the Effectiveness of Coordination Training Interventions in Enhancing Sports Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 25(1), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.1.22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.1.22
Yiannaki, C., Barron, D., Collins, D., & Carling, C. (2020). Match performance in a reference futsal team during an international tournament – implications for talent development in soccer. Biology of Sport, 37, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2020.93040. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2020.93040
Belo, J., Valente-Dos-Santos, J., Pereira, J., Duarte-Mendes, P., Gamonales, J., & Paulo, R. (2024). Study of Body Composition and Motor Skills of Futsal Athletes of Different Competitive Levels. Sports, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12050137 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12050137
Rico-González, M., Pino-Ortega, J., Clemente, F., Rojas-Valverde, D., & Arcos, A. (2020). A systematic review of collective tactical behaviour in futsal using positional data. Biology of Sport, 38, 23-36. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2020.96321 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2020.96321
Ravi, P., & K, D. (2024). The science of ladder drills and plyometrics: Enhancing neuromuscular efficiency in athletes. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(4), 553-561. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1149 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i4.1149
Neto, W., Silva, W., Oliveira, T., Boas, A., Ciena, A., Caperuto, É., & Gama, E. (2024). Ladder-based resistance training with the progression of training load altered the tibial nerve ultrastructure and muscle fiber area without altering the morphology of the postsynaptic compartment. Frontiers in physiology, 15, 1371839. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1371839. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1371839
James, E., Nichols, S., Goodall, S., Hicks, K., & O’Doherty, A. (2021). The influence of resistance training on neuromuscular function in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Experimental Gerontology, 149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2021.111320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2021.111320
Gross, M., Seiler, J., Grédy, B., & Lüthy, F. (2022). Kinematic and Kinetic Characteristics of Repetitive Countermovement Jumps with Accentuated Eccentric Loading. Sports, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10050074. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10050074
Ramirez-Campillo, R., Thapa, R., Afonso, J., Pérez-Castilla, A., Bishop, C., Byrne, P., & Granacher, U. (2023). Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on the Reactive Strength Index in Healthy Individuals Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.z.), 53, 1029-1053. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01825-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01825-0
Matuszczyk, F., Trybulski, R., Gałęziok, K., Olaniszyn, G., Terbalyan, A., & Wilk, M. (2025). Effect of 10-Week Plyometric Training on Anaerobic Performance and Biomechanical Properties of the Muscles in Football Players: Randomized Controlled Trial. Applied Sciences, 15(3), 1451. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031451 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031451
Komang Ari Selin, Ni Komang Ayu Juni Antari, I Wayan Sugiritama, & M. Widnyana. (2024). The relationship between agility and dribbling skills among futsal players. Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia, 5(1), 77-80. https://doi.org/10.51559/ptji.v5i1.195 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51559/ptji.v5i1.195
Lima, S., Lemos, K. S. R. D., Medeiros, I. A., Costa, A. N., Sousa, F. N. D., Silva Júnior, F. L. E., & Oliveira-Silva, I. (2024). Small transition games contribute to the agility of under-20 Futsal athletes: Jogos reduzidos de transição contribuem na agilidade de atletas sub-20 de Futsal. Concilium, 24(15), 135-147. https://doi.org/10.53660/clm-3805-23p67 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53660/CLM-3805-23P67
Serrano, C., Sánchez-Sánchez, J., López-Fernández, J., Hernando, E., & Gallardo, L. (2020). Influence of the playing surface on changes of direction and plantar pressures during an agility test in youth futsal players. European Journal of Sport Science, 20, 906- 914. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1677780. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1677780
Granero-Gil, P., Gómez-Carmona, C., Bastida-Castillo, A., Rojas-Valverde, D., De La Cruz, E., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2020). Influence of playing position and laterality in centripetal force and changes of direction in elite soccer players. PLoS ONE, 15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232123
Popowczak, M., Horička, P., Šimonek, J., & Domaradzki, J. (2022). The Functional Form of the Relationship between Body Height, Body Mass Index and Change of Direction Speed, Agility in Elite Female Basketball and Handball Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215038. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215038
Fauziah, E., Nasrulloh, A., Putra, M., , F., & Januarsi, E. (2024). The Effect of Body Mass Index on Agility: A Perspective on Youth Volleyball Athletes Amateur. Internatıonal Journal of Multıdıscıplınary Research And Analysıs, 07(11). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i12-36 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i12-36
Koltai, M., Gusztafik, Á., Nagyváradi, K., Szeiler, B., Halasi, S., & Lepes, J. (2021). The Connectıon Between the Agılıty of Adolescent Soccer Players and Theır Body Composıtıon. Facta Universitatis. Series physical education and sport, 577-588. https://doi.org/10.22190/FUPES201111056K DOI: https://doi.org/10.22190/FUPES201111056K
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ilham Ilham, Raffiandy Alsyifa Putra, Bekir Erhan Orhan, Tri Prasetyo, Rully Effendi, Randi Kurniawan, Vlad Adrian Geantă
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
