Considering the Impact of a 12-Week Intervention Program on Behavioral Intentions and Key Health-Related Constructs in Adolescent Basketball Players
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.2.19Keywords:
behavioral intentions, basketball training, self-efficacy, social support, situation, outcome expectationsAbstract
Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 12-week basketball intervention program on adolescents’ behavioral intentions and key health-related constructs, including self-efficacy, social support, situational factors, and outcome expectations, based on the social cognitive theory (SCT), focusing on each gender and comparing both genders.
Materials and methods. A total of 175 adolescents (age: 12–14 years old) from basketball clubs in Guangxi Province, China, were involved in the study. The partcipants were divided by gender into two groups (male [n = 88] and female [n = 87] groups) and underwent an intervention program for 12 weeks. The validity and reliability of all measurements were tested. Regression analysis was used to identify predictors of behavioral intentions, which were used to design the intervention program.
Results. The intervention significantly improved self-efficacy, social support, situational factors, outcome expectations, and behavioral intentions in both male and female adolescents. Behavioral intentions score increased from 3.19 to 3.77 for male adolescents and from 3.3 to 4.27 for female adolescents (p < 0.001). Furthermore, it was noted an increase in self-efficacy scores from 3.51 to 4.22 for male adolescents and from 3.26 to 4.23 for female adolescents (p < 0.001). Improvements in other constructs were also observed in both genders, with no significant gender differences in post-intervention outcomes (p > 0.05).
Conclusions. The findings indicate that a 12-week intervention program based on the SCT effectively enhanced adolescents’ behavioral intentions and related constructs. Developing gender-specific intervention programs is important for maximizing intervention effectiveness.
Downloads
References
Liu, J., Zeng, M., Wang, D., Zhang, Y., Shang, B., & Ma, X. (2022). Applying social cognitive theory in predicting physical activity among Chinese adolescents: A cross-sectional study with multigroup structural equation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 695241. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695241 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695241
Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2020). Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: A pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1.6 million participants. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(1), 23-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2
Kuhn, J.H., Adkins, S., Agwanda, B. et al. (2021). Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology, 166(12), 3513-3566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05143-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05143-6
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: Freeman.
Liu, J., Shang, B., Yin, Y., Yang, M., Zeng, M., Zhang, Y., & Ma, X. (2020). Analysis of the influence factors of adolescents’ physical activity based on the perspective of social cognitive theory. Journal of Shanghai University of Sport, 44(5), 70-80. https://doi.org/10.16099/j.sus.2020.05.008
Campbell, O. L. K., Bann, D., & Patalay, P. (2021). The gender gap in adolescent mental health: A cross-national investigation of 566,829 adolescents across 73 countries. SSM - Population Health, 13, 100742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100742 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100742
Fredricks, J. A., & Eccles, J. S. (2006). Is extracurricular participation associated with beneficial outcomes? Concurrent and longitudinal relations. Developmental Psychology, 42(4), 698-713. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.698 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.698
Islam, K. F., Awal, A., Mazumder, H., Munni, U. R., Majumder, K., Afroz, K., Tabassum, M. N., & Hossain, M. M. (2023). Social cognitive theory-based health promotion in primary care practice: A scoping review. Heliyon, 9(4), e14889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14889 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14889
Wekesser, M. M., Harris, B. S., Langdon, J., & Wilson, C. H. (2021). Coaches’ impact on youth athletes’ intentions to continue sport participation: The mediational influence of the coach–athlete relationship. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 16(3), 359-372. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954121991817 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954121991817
Walton, C. C., Gwyther, K., Gao, C. X., Purcell, R., & Rice, S. M. (2022). Evidence of gender imbalance across samples in sport and exercise psychology. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(2), 1337-1355. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2022.2150981 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2022.2150981
Hashemian, M., Abdolkarimi, M., Asadollahi, Z., & Nasirzadeh, M. (2021). Effect of “Social Cognitive Theory”-based intervention on promoting physical activity in female high-school students of Rafsanjan city, Iran. Journal of Education and Community Health, 8(2), 111-119. https://doi.org/10.52547/jech.8.2.111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52547/jech.8.2.111
Ma, J. K., Leese, J., Therrien, S., Hoens, A. M., Tsui, K., & Li, L. C. (2022). A scoping review of interventions to improve strength training participation. PLOS ONE, 17(2), e0263218. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263218 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263218
Schlund, A., Reimers, A. K., Bucksch, J., Linder, S., & Demetriou, Y. (2021). Sex/gender considerations in school-based interventions to promote children’s and adolescents’ physical activity: A systematic review. Ger J Exerc Sport Res, 51(3), 257-268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00724-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00724-8
Zhang, M., Wang, X.-C., & Shao, B. (2022). Predictors of persistent participation in youth sport: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 871936. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.871936 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.871936
Sheikh, M., Bay, N., Ghorbani, S., & Esfahaninia, A. (2022). Effects of social support and physical self-efficacy on physical activity of adolescents. International Journal of Pediatrics, 10(4), 15823-15834. https://doi.org/10.22038/IJP.2022.62762.4793
Guimarães, E., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Williams, A. M., Tavares, F., Janeira, M. A., & Maia, J. (2023). The effects of body size and training environment on the physical performance of adolescent basketball players: The INEX study. Annals of Human Biology, 50(1), 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2023.2169759 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2023.2169759
Schulze, C., Bucksch, J., Demetriou, Y., Emmerling, S., Linder, S., & Reimers, A. K. (2021). Considering sex/gender in interventions to promote children’s and adolescents’ leisure-time physical activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Public Health, 69(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01625-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01625-8
Raievska, Y., Savchuk, O., Hulias, I., Khokhlov, A., Hoian, I., Syniakova, V., Soroka, O., & Lukashov, O. (2024). Mechanism of comparison in the structure of self-efficacy in junior athletes’ sporting activities. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 24(6), 1349-1359. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2024.06153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2024.06153
Sáez, I., Solabarrieta, J., & Rubio, I. (2021). Motivation for physical activity in university students and its relation with gender, amount of activities, and sport satisfaction. Sustainability, 13(6), 3183. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063183
Harmiardillah, S., Kusnanto, I., Krisnana, I., & Priastana, I. K. A. (2020). The effect of mindfulness-based eating exercise with Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) approach to self-efficacy and dietary adherence of diabetes mellitus type 2. Journal of International Pharmaceutical Research, 13(1), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.01.078 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.01.078
Lu, Y., Yu, K., & Gan, X. (2022). Effects of a SMART goal setting and 12-week core strength training intervention on physical fitness and exercise attitudes in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7715. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137715 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137715
Röglin, L., Stoll, O., Ketelhut, K., Martin-Niedecken, A. L., & Ketelhut, S. (2023). Evaluating changes in perceived enjoyment throughout a 12-week school-based exergaming intervention. Children, 10(1), 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10010144 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/children10010144
Pasi, H., Lintunen, T., Leskinen, E., & Hagger, M. S. (2021). Predicting school students’ physical activity intentions in leisure-time and school recess contexts: Testing an integrated model based on self-determination theory and theory of planned behavior. PLOS ONE, 16(3), e0249019. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249019
Peng, F., & Zhang, L. W. (2021). The relationship of competitive cognitive anxiety and motor performance: Testing the moderating effects of goal orientations and self-efficacy among Chinese collegiate basketball players. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 685649. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685649 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685649
Dishman, R. K., McIver, K. L., Dowda, M., Saunders, R. P., & Pate, R. R. (2019). Self-efficacy, beliefs, and goals: Moderation of declining physical activity during adolescence. Health Psychology, 38(6), 483-493. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000734 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000734
Lee, S., Kwon, S., & Ahn, J. (2021). The effect of modeling on self-efficacy and flow state of adolescent athletes through role models. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 661557. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661557 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661557
Van Sluijs, E. M. F., Ekelund, U., Crochemore-Silva, I., Guthold, R., Ha, A., Lubans, D., Oyeyemi, A. L., Ding, D., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2021). Physical activity behaviours in adolescence: Current evidence and opportunities for intervention. Lancet, 398(10298), 429-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01259-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01259-9
Hoffmann, M. D., Barnes, J. D., Tremblay, M. S., & Guerrero, M. D. (2022). Associations between organized sport participation and mental health difficulties: Data from over 11,000 US children and adolescents. PLOS ONE, 17(6), e0268583. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268583 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268583
Graupensperger, S., Sutcliffe, J., & Vella, S. A. (2021). Prospective associations between sport participation and indices of mental health across adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50(7), 1450-1463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01416-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01416-0
Rullestad, A., Meland, E., & Mildestvedt, T. (2021). Factors Predicting Physical Activity and Sports Participation in Adolescence. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2021, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9105953 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9105953
Huđin, N., Glavaš, D., & Pandžić, M. (2020). Contact sports as a sport of more aggressive athletes? Aggressiveness and other psychological characteristics of youth athletes involved in contact and non-contact sports. Tims. Acta: naučni časopis za sport, turizam i velnes, 14(1), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.5937/timsact14-27343 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/timsact14-27343
Baek, J., Won, D., Lee, C., & Pack, S. M. (2020). Adolescent participation in new sports: Extended theory of planned behavior. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(Supplement issue 3), Art 301, 2246-2252. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.s3301 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.s3301
Carreres-Ponsoda, F., Escartí, A., Jimenez-Olmedo, J. M., & Cortell-Tormo, J. M. (2021). Effects of a teaching personal and social responsibility model intervention in competitive youth sport. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 624018. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624018
Rhodes, R. E., Cox, A., & Sayar, R. (2022). What predicts the physical activity intention-behavior gap? A systematic review. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 56(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaab044 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaab044
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jin Zhao, Wannaporn Sumranpat Brady
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
