Considering the Effects of Upper Body, Lower Body, and Their Combination on Post-Activation Performance Enhancement of Bowling Velocity Among Amateur Cricket Players
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.1.06Keywords:
post-activation potentiation, speed, athletic performance, plyometric exerciseAbstract
Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the effects of post-activation performance enhancement on bowling velocity among amateur cricket players using multiple interventions as conditioning activities focusing on the upper body, lower body, and a combination of both.
Materials and methods. Eight amateur cricket bowlers were recruited for the study and, in a randomized crossover manner, allocated to conditioning activities aimed at the upper body (i.e., 10 pull-ups + 6 wall ball slams), lower body (i.e., 10 air squats + 6 broad jumps), or both (5 pull-ups + 3 wall ball slams combined with 5 air squats + 3 broad jumps). The bowling velocity was measured at baseline and after one minute and four minutes of completing the intervention.
Results. The findings indicate no significant improvement (p = 0.939) in ball velocity compared to the control condition after the three experimental conditions. However, post-hoc results showed a substantial decrease in bowling velocity after one minute.
Conclusions. In conclusion, conditioning activities using pull-ups and wall ball slams for the upper body, air squats, and broad jumps for the lower body, or their combination, do not induce post-activation performance enhancement during cricket bowling.
Downloads
References
Bartlett, R. M. (2003). The science and medicine of cricket: An overview and update. Journal of sports sciences, 21(9), 733-752. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000140257
Noakes, T., & Durandt, J. (2000). Physiological requirements of cricket. Journal of sports sciences, 18(12), 919-929. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/026404100446739
Blazevich, A. J., & Babault, N. (2019). Post-activation potentiation versus post-activation performance enhancement in humans: Historical perspective, underlying mechanisms, and current issues. Front Physiol, 10, 1359. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01359 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01359
Hodgson, M., Docherty, D., & Robbins, D. (2005). Post-activation potentiation: Underlying physiology and implications for motor performance. Sports Med, 35(7), 585-595. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535070-00004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535070-00004
Chen, L., Lim, J., Thapa, R. K., & Heng, S. (2024). Effects of deadlift vs. Back squat as post-activation performance enhancement protocols on vertical jump performance of competitive male basketball players. Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42978-024-00290-z
Esformes, J. I., Keenan, M., Moody, J., & Bampouras, T. M. (2011). Effect of different types of conditioning contraction on upper body postactivation potentiation. J Strength Cond Res, 25(1), 143-148. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181fef7f3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181fef7f3
Gossen, E. R., & Sale, D. G. (2000). Effect of postactivation potentiation on dynamic knee extension performance. Eur J Appl Physiol, 83(6), 524-530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210000304 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210000304
Seitz, L. B., & Haff, G. G. (2016). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation of jump, sprint, throw, and upper-body ballistic performances: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Med, 46(2), 231-240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0415-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0415-7
Vargas-Molina, S., Salgado-Ramírez, U., Chulvi-Medrano, I., Carbone, L., Maroto-Izquierdo, S., & Benítez-Porres, J. (2021). Comparison of post-activation performance enhancement (pape) after isometric and isotonic exercise on vertical jump performance. PLoS One, 16(12), e0260866. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260866 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260866
Ulloa-Sánchez, P., Hernández-Elizondo, J., Thapa, R. K., Sortwell, A., & Ramirez-Campillo, R. (2024). Post-activation performance enhancement methods in team sport athletes: A systematic review with meta-analysis. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, In press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-024-01005-w
Baruah, J., Kharel, A., Hina, M., Ceylan, H. İ., Raul-Ioan, M., & Thapa, R. K. (2024). Acute effects of squat and ballistic jump exercises on judo-specific performance, handgrip strength, and perceived exertion in young male judokas. Applied Sciences, 14(22), 10558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app142210558
Finlay, M. J., Bridge, C. A., Greig, M., & Page, R. M. (2022). Upper-body post-activation performance enhancement for athletic performance: A systematic review with meta-analysis and recommendations for future research. Sports Med, 52(4), 847-871. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01598-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01598-4
Thapa, R. K., Lum, D., Moran, J., & Ramirez-Campillo, R. (2021). Effects of complex training on sprint, jump, and change of direction ability of soccer players: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 627869. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.627869
Makar, P., Silva, A. F., Silva, R. M., Janusiak, M., Smoter, M., & Clemente, F. M. (2024). The agreement between bushnell and stalker radar guns for measuring ball speed in throwing and kicking. Applied Sciences, 14(22), 10476. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/22/10476 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app142210476
Thapa, R. K., Kumar, A., Kumar, G., & Narvariya, P. (2020). A combination of ballistic exercises with slow and fast stretch-shortening cycle induces post-activation performance enhancement. Trends Sport Sci, 27(4), 203-211.
Carrier, T. J. (2019). Effects of post activation potentiation on pitching velocity. California State University, Fullerton.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Bhargav Sarmah, Nishanta Bordoloi, Pushpendra Narvariya, Rohit Kumar Thapa

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

