Concept of Plyometric Training and Its Effect on Physiological Parameters of Football Players
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.4.13Keywords:
plyometric training, aerobic capacity, blood pressure, pulse rate, footballAbstract
Background. Plyometric training, which consists of exercises that involve rapid and repetitive muscle stretching and contraction, has become increasingly popular for its potential in sports conditioning.
Objectives. The primary objective of this study was to examine the principles of plyometric training and to assess how it influences the physiological parameters of football players.
Materials and methods. This study involved 30 male football players aged 18 to 24, actively engaged in national-level competition. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n = 15) and the control group (n = 15), with 15 players in each group. The selected physiological parameters for assessment included aerobic capacity, blood pressure, and pulse rate. Aerobic capacity was measured using Cooper’s 12-minute run/walk test, blood pressure was assessed with a sphygmomanometer, and pulse rate was measured using the radial artery method. The six-week plyometric training program, conducted five days a week, involved 60-minute sessions. The experimental group underwent the plyometric training program, while the control group did not engage in any specific exercises. Pre- and post-test scores were analyzed statistically using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The significance level was set at a confidence level of 0.05.
Results. The findings indicate a notable enhancement in physiological parameters among participants in the experimental group as opposed to the control group. The implementation of the plyometric training program proved to be effective in elevating the aerobic capacity, blood pressure, and pulse rate of the football players.
Conclusions. The study concludes that a six-week plyometric training program significantly enhances the physiological parameters of football players, including aerobic capacity, blood pressure, and pulse rate. Further research should be conducted to examine the long-term effects and optimal duration of plyometric training, as well as the underlying physiological mechanisms, in order to gain a deeper understanding of its effectiveness and applications in sports conditioning.
Downloads
References
Davies, G. J., Heiderscheit, B., & Clark, M. (1998). Closed kinetic chain exercises-functional applications in orthopaedics. Strength and Conditioning Applications in Orthopaedics. Orthopaedic Section, Home Study Course, LaCrosse, WI.
Bosco, C., Viitasalo, J. T., Komi, P. V., & Luhtanen, P. (1982). Combined effect of elastic energy and myoelectrical potentiation during stretch-shortening cycle exercise. Acta physiologica Scandinavica, 114(4), 557-565. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1982.tb07024.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1982.tb07024.x
Voight, M. L., & Brady, D. (1992). Plyometrics (4th ed.). Onalaska, WI: S&S Publishers.
Ebben, W. P., Simenz, C., & Jensen, R. L. (2008). Evaluation of plyometric intensity using electromyography. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 22(3), 861-868. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816a834b DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816a834b
Chmielewski, T. L., Myer, G. D., Kauffman, D., & Tillman, S. M. (2006). Plyometric exercise in the rehabilitation of athletes: physiological responses and clinical application. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 36(5), 308-319. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2006.2013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2006.2013
Wilk, K. E., Voight, M. L., Keirns, M. A., Gambetta, V., Andrews, J. R., & Dillman, C. J. (1993). Stretch-shortening drills for the upper extremities: theory and clinical application. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 17(5), 225-239. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1993.17.5.225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1993.17.5.225
Lundin, P. E. (1985). A review of plyometric training. National Strength and Conditioning Association Journal, 7(3), 65-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/0744-0049(1985)007<0069:AROPT>2.3.CO;2
D.W. Mola and Adane. Alemmebrat kiflu (2020). The Effect Of Explosive Power, Flexibility And Speed Training On Long Jump Performance: The Case Of Burayu Town Athletics Club. IJPEFS, 36(1), 71-80.
Markovic, G., Jukic, I., Milanovic, D., & Metikos, D. (2007). Effects of sprint and plyometric training on muscle function and athletic performance. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 21(2), 543-549. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-19535.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200705000-00044
Davies, G.J., & Matheson, J.W. (2001). Shoulder Plyometrics. Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review, 9, 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00132585-200101000-00001
Singh, L. S., & Lamani, G. (2016). A study of training load on selected physical and physiological variables of soccer players of Manipur State. Academic Sports Scholars, 5(1).
Singh, L. S. (2018). Effect of Training Load. New Delhi: Friends Publication (India).
Qing Yi, Hong Jia, Hongyou Liu & Miguel Ángel Gómez (2018). Technical demands of different playing positions in the UEFA Champions League. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2018.1528524 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2018.1528524
Mola, D. W., & Shaw, D. (2024). Analyzing The Reliability And Validity Of Talent Identification PracticesFor Athletes: An Adaptation Study. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(5), 12277-12284. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i5.4248 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i5.4248
Aquino, R., Carling, C., Palucci Vieira, L. H., Martins, G., Jabor, G., Machado, J., Santiago, P., Garganta, J., & Puggina, E. (2020). Influence of Situational Variables, Team Formation, and Playing Position on Match Running Performance and Social Network Analysis in Brazilian Professional Soccer Players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 34(3), 808-817. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002725 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002725
Modric, T., Versic, S., Sekulic, D., & Liposek, S. (2019). Analysis of the Association between Running Performance and Game Performance Indicators in Professional Soccer Players. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(20), 4032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16204032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16204032
Dellal, A., Wong, D. P., Moalla, W., & Chamari, K. (2010). Physical and technical activity of soccer players in the French First League-with special reference to their playing position. International SportMed Journal, 11(2), 278-290.
Chmura, P., Konefał, M., Kowalczuk, E., & Chmura, J. (2015). Distances covered above and below the anaerobic threshold by professional football players in different competitive conditions. Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine, 10(2), 25-31.
Silva, J. F., Dittrich, N., & Guglielmo, L. G. A. (2011). Aerobic evaluation in soccer. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 13(5), 384-391
Slimani, M., Znazen, H., Miarka, B., & Bragazzi, N. L. (2019). Maximum Oxygen Uptake of Male Soccer Players According to their Competitive Level, Playing Position and Age Group: Implication from a Network Meta-Analysis. Journal of human kinetics, 66, 233-245. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0060 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0060
Patir, K., Singh, L. S., Singh, S. S., & Meetei, R. (2021). Effect of plyometric training on muscular power among school football players. Kalyan Bharati, September (7-8). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27720.44802
Williams, A.M., Ford, P., Reilly, T., & Drust, B. (Eds.). (2003). Science and Soccer (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203417553 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203417553
Reilly, T., Williams, A. M., Nevill, A., & Franks, A. (2000). A multidisciplinary approach to talent identification in soccer. Journal of sports sciences, 18(9), 695-702. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410050120078 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410050120078
Mola, D. W., & Shaw, D. (2024). Significance of Managerial Skills for Talent Development in EthiopianAthletes. International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science, 12(2), 21-29. http://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.12n.2p.2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.12n.2p.21
Singh, L. S., Lamani, G., Chandu, R., & Sharma, H. S. (2018). Study of training on physiological variables of football players. Academic Sports Scholars, 7(1), 1-7.
Fenta, B. G., & Mola, D. W. (2023). Effect of eight-week callisthenics exercise on selected physical fitness quality and skill performance in handball. Jurnal SPORTIF : Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran, 9(3), 550-566. https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v9i3.21335 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v9i3.21335
Rankovic, G., Mutavdzic, V., Toskic, D., Preljevic, A., Kocic, M., Nedin Rankovic, G., & Damjanovic, N. (2010). Aerobic capacity as an indicator in different kinds of sports. Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences, 10(1), 44-48. https://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2010.2734 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2010.2734
Singh, L. S., Singh, S. O., Devi, O. P., Singh, W. J., & Singh, S. S. (2022). Effect of pranayama exercise on breath-holding capacity of soccer players. International Journal of Disabilities Sports & Health Science, 5(2), 97-105. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1172462 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1172462
Thompson, P. D., Arena, R., Riebe, D., & Pescatello, L. S. (2013). ACSM’s new pre-participation health screening recommendations from ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, ninth edition. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 12(4), 215-217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0b013e31829a68cf
Singh, L. S. (2018). Effect of Training Load. New Delhi: Friends Publication (India).
Islam, M. S., Rahman, M. H., Mola, D. W., Adane, A. K., & Pramanik, T. N. (2024). Nordic hamstring curls are a remedy for hamstring muscle injury: A narrative review. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 12(4), 692-698. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2024.120411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2024.120411
Shunmuganathan, D. (2018). Effect of ploymetric training programme on physiological variables among adolescent school boys. International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education, 3(2), 26-28.
Mola, D. W., & Bayisa, G. T. (2020). Effect of circuit training on selected health-related physical fitness components: The case of sport science students. Turkish Journal of Kinesiology, 6(4), 142-148. https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.812512 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.812512
Chouhan, R., Misra, A., Soni, R., Joseph, A., & Umate, R. (2022). Effectiveness of Plyometrics Along With Pilates Exercises in Increasing Vertical Jump Performance Among Basketball Players. Cureus, 14(12), e32957. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.32957 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.32957
Karuppasamy, G. (2018). Effect of plyometric training and circuit training on selected physical and physiological variables among male Volleyball players. International Journal of Yoga, Physiotherapy and Physical Education, 3(4), 26-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/sports.2018.v3.i4.07
Sivakumar, S., & Logeswaran, A. S. (2017). Effect of plyometric training on physiological variables of adolescent male tennis players. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 4(3), 539-541.
Anitha, J. (2014). Effect of plyometric training on selected physiological variables among college level volleyball players. Experimental Biology, 4(1), 383-386.
Chandra, S., Sharma, A., Malhotra, N., Rizvi, M. R., & Kumari, S. (2023). Effects of Plyometric Training on the Agility, Speed, and Explosive Power of Male Collegiate Badminton Players. Journal of lifestyle medicine, 13(1), 52-58. https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2023.13.1.52 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2023.13.1.52
Kryeziu, A. R., Iseni, A., Teodor, D. F., Croitoru, H., & Badau, D. (2023). Effect of 12 weeks of the plyometric training program model on speed and explosive strength abilities in adolescents. Applied Sciences, 13(5), 2776. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13052776 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app13052776
Anitha, D. J., Kumaravelu, D. P., Lakshmanan, D. C., & Govindasamy, K. (2018). Effect of plyometric trainingand circuit training on selected physical and physiologicalvariables among male Volleyball players. InternationalJournal of Yoga, Physiotherapy and Physical Education, 3(4), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.22271/sports.2018.v3.i4.07 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/sports.2018.v3.i4.07
Singh, L. S., Singh, S. O., & Thapa, S. K. (2018). Effect of Plyometric and Weight Training on Selected Physiological Variable of Football Players. J. Adv. Sport. Phys. Edu, 1, 75-78.
Patir, K., Singh, S. L., Singh, S. S., & Meetei, R. (2021). Effect of plyometric training on muscular endurance of football players. Kalyan Bharati, 36, 182-186.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Laishram Santosh Singh, W. James Singh, Kaukab Azeem, Ningthoujam Meiraba Meitei, Dessalegn Wase Mola
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
